20世纪上半叶皖东农业凋敝状况简析

20世纪上半叶,在旧中国的历史背景下,皖东地区因内外战争的破坏和苛捐杂税的压榨,农业生产缺乏发展的社会环境,而地主阶级以高额地租为主并辅以其它手段进行残酷的封建剥削,又使广大农民无法休养生息。同时,农业生产技术水平的极端落后,决定了粮食产量非常低下,而不断发生的自然灾害,因缺乏抵御手段又对农业生产造成了巨大的损害。所以,该时期的皖东农业凋敝不堪。     

清代康乾盛世以前滦河流域文明的五次高潮

滦河流域文明曾经有着比较深厚的文化积淀和丰富的内容,在历史上曾多次出现高潮,作者仅就清代康乾盛世以前的五次高潮做概述和简评。     

Field-study science classrooms as positive and enjoyable learning environments

We investigated differences between field-study classrooms and traditional science classrooms in terms of the learning environment and students’ attitudes to science, as well as the differential effectiveness of field-study classrooms for students differing in sex and English proficiency. A modified version of selected scales from the What Is Happening In this Class? questionnaire was used to assess the learning environment, whereas students’ attitudes were assessed with a shortened version of a scale from the Test of Science Related Attitudes. A sample of 765 grade 5 students from 17 schools responded to the learning environment and attitude scales in terms of both their traditional science classrooms and classrooms at a field-study centre in Florida. Large effect sizes supported the effectiveness of the field-studies classroom in terms of both the learning environment and student attitudes. Relative to the home school science class, the field-study class was considerably more effective for students with limited English proficiency than for native English speakers.     

传统思维与中国古代建筑

本文主要从思维方式的角度，研究传统思维与中国古代建筑的关系，阐述中国古代建筑中所表现的整体意识、和合及实用理性精神。     

试论王树楠对新疆货币思想的贡献

本文试图从对历史文献的解读中，探讨王树楠对新疆货币思想的贡献，从而加深对新疆近代货币思想变迁的认识，继承和发扬新疆优秀历史文化遗产，为当前的经济建设作一有益的借鉴。     

At the Crossroads: the development of thinking about the role,appointment and training of headteachers in Spain

For many years now, most countries of the world have increasingly valued the headteacher as a powerful force in facilitating school and staff development. Such recognition has resulted in widespread training programmes—even in the poorest countries. In Spain, however, there has been, until very recently, considerable ambiguity over the role of the headteacher. This uncertainty is manifested in the appointment system of headteachers and the lack of commitment to training. This paper seeks to show the reasons for this situation, through an evaluation of recent legislation, the impact of Franco's legacy on education and the current preoccupation with democratic government at all levels. The paper highlights important changes of attitude towards the role of the head now taking place, mainly at local levels, and encourages the government to ensure that examples of effective training, emanating from these ideological shifts, are recognised and contained within national programmes.