周期训练理论研究与进展

周期训练理论主要目的为制定训练计划提供基本指南.由于竞技项目不断演变,传统周期训练理论已满足不了时代发展需要.当前,运动项目发展趋势强烈影响日常训练过程,在运动实践中,不断克服传统周期训练的局限性,探索新的周期训练理论是社会发展趋势,非传统周期训练理论-模块周期训练采用高度集中训练模式,目标训练功能具有针对性,极大的推动周期训练理论的发展.     

‘Governmentality’ in the origins of European female PE and sport: the Spanish case study (1883–1936)

The purpose of the paper is twofold: (1) to contribute to the analysis of the origins of modern European female PE and sports from a power perspective, inspired by Foucault's work; and (2) to present a detailed analysis of female PE and sport in Spain (1883–1936) as a specific European case study. It is argued that these physical activities could be conceived in the Spanish case as part of a specific kind of ‘governmentality’ with a dual nature. On the one hand they represented disciplinary ‘technologies of power’ over the female body. Selected physical activities—dictated mainly from the hygienic-moral position of the Regeneracionistas (‘Regenerationists’)—were exerted as a kind of ‘bio-power’ for the control of the female population. On the other hand, such kind of activities (especially sports) represented certain ‘technologies of the self’ for middle and upper class women. Through participation in sports, women gained a more active and public role in the Spanish society of the era, obtaining some degree of autonomy in self-governance over their bodies and their lives.     

List of Reviewers

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of target distance on temporal and impact force parameters that are important performance factors in taekwondo kicks. Forty-nine taekwondo athletes (age = 24.5 ± 5.9 years; mass = 79.9 ± 10.8 kg) were recruited: 13 male experts, 21 male novices, 8 female experts, and 6 female novices. Impact force, reaction time, and execution time were computed. Three-way repeated measure ANOVAs revealed significant ‘distance’ effect on impact force, reaction time, and execution time (p = 0.001). Comparisons between distance conditions revealed that taekwondo athletes kicked with higher impact force from short distance (17.6 ± 7.5 N/kg) than from long distance (13.1 ± 5.7 N/kg) (p < 0.001), had lower reaction time from short distance (498 ± 90 ms) and normal distance (521 ± 111 ms) than from long distance (602 ± 121 ms) (p < 0.001), and had lower execution time from short distance (261 ± 69 ms/m) than from normal distance (306 ± 105 ms/m) or from long distance (350 ± 106 ms/m) (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, target distance affected the kick performance; as distance increases, impact force decreased and reaction time increased. Therefore, when reaction to a simple visual stimulus is needed, kicking from a long distance is not recommended, as longer time is required to respond.     

论教学观念的改造

教学认识在发展，教学实践在深化，教师就必须不断地改造自身的教学观念。教学观念的改造无论采用演绎的方法还是归纳的方法，都要将教育科学的学习与教学活动的反思有机结合起来。教师如果把教学活动看作是一个由目标系统、实施过程和结果系统三个环节组成的动态整体，便可得出反思教学活动的三个维度，作为反思自己具体教学活动的一般框架。教学观念的改造不能随意而行，应该遵循自律性原则、持续性原则和践行性原则。     

对基础教育课程改革中存在问题的思考

一2005年3月16日,《光明日报》报道了北京大学数学科学学院教授、中国科学院院士姜伯驹先生关于基础教育课改中数学“新课标”的谈话。作为教育工作者,我们由衷地感谢科学家们对基础教育课程改革的关注和思虑,也深感他的谈话直言不讳,切中肯綮,语重心长。我们应该认真听取科学家的意见,并且举一反三,扩展和加深思考课程改革中其它的有关问题。姜伯驹先生直言不讳地说,数学“新课标”“方向是错误的”。“新课标”“全面否定过去的教学体系”,“全面否定了我国中等教育的优良传统,大大淡化了数学中的推理证明”。它“完全另起炉灶”,“均代之…     

浅议群控多媒体教室管理与维护

随着群控多媒体教室的建设及使用,其管理方法与普通多媒体教室有不同之处,本文对群控多媒体教室的使用特点、维护特点及不足之处进行分析并提出相关建议。     

The Teaching of the Mathematical Disciplines in Sixteenth-Century Spain*

This essay examines some aspects of the teaching of mathematics and its applications in three of the principal sixteenth century Spanish universities (Salamanca, Valencia and Alcalá) and in other institutions sponsored by the monarchy, such as the “Casa de la Contratación” (House of Trade) of Seville and the so-called Academy of Mathematics of Madrid. All three of the above universities had chairs of mathematics. In the Casa de la Contratación and other nautical schools the teaching of mathematics was oriented toward providing the foundations of navigation (nautical astronomy, instruments and maps, etc.). The Academy of Mathematics was oriented mainly towards subjects related to cosmography and navigation. Although the different areas of the teaching of mathematics imposed conditions on the discourses and practices of the mathematical disciplines, they did not impede the circulation of persons, knowledge, and practices among these areas. This work has partially financed by grants from Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (BHA 2000–1456) and from Ministry of Education and Science (BHA2003-08394-(02-01).     

房地产全程营销中市场营销策略分析

房地产全程营销，是营销理念贯穿于房地产开发、经营、销售、管理全过程的一种企业战略。其中每一环节都是房地产商的最终产品增值的价值活动。营销策划，是房地产商项目开发得失成败的关键，是形成房地产企业竞争优势的核心来源。文章主要从“房地产市场营销价格策略、广告策略、销售策略”等环节采论述房地产全程营销中的市场营销策略。     

生石灰膨胀桩在地基加固中的应用

本文从生石灰桩的几个作用阐述了用生石灰桩加固地基的原理，并提出了相应的设计方法，通过工程实例又进一步说明了设计步骤及施工过程。