职业运动员工资问题经济研究现状

运用业运动员工资的主要因素有职业运动员供求状况、职业运动员的劳动边际收益产品大小、职业体育管理制度和政策、竞争联盟状况和职业运动员工会与集体协商等因素;职业运动员获得高收入的主要影响因素有职业运动员劳动力市场的供求状况和专有权性质;近20年来,职业运动员工资快速增长的主要原因表现为转会制度的变化和俱乐部电视转播权收益的大幅度增长;职业运动员工资差异性较大.     

Legal Defensibility of Standards: Issues and Policy Perspectives

What legal issues may arise in setting content or performance standards? What precedents are relevant? What practices are defensible?     

A nation at risk: The economic consequences of neglecting career development

Conclusion Computer-based career systems should be the focal point of popular, and effective career development initiatives which are of tremendous benefit to individuals. Such initiatives also have the potential to significantly reduce public expenditures and enhance the nation's competitive position internationally. The key lies in helping people understand that we can no longer afford to neglect the career development needs of Americans.I am most grateful for this opportunity to share my thoughts with you. I encourage you to promote the use of computer-based career systems by defining their benefits in economic terms. However, be sure you can prove your system does more than simply entertain its users, or leave them with extensive computer printouts.Phillip S. Jarvis is Manager, Careerware Research and Product Design, STM Systems Corp., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and the author of CHOICES. This is the text of a paper presented to the Annual Conference of the Association of Computer-Based Systems for Career Information ((ACSCI) in St. Louis, Missouri on December 2, 1988.     

加入WTO对人才培养的影响

中国即将加入世界贸易组织(WTO),融入到世界经济的大潮中去。在全球经济一体化的背景下,可以预见入世不仅将深刻地改变中国的经济,也将涉及到社会的许多方面,影响到每一个中国人的生     

A comparison of the anthropometric, strength, endurance and flexibility characteristics of female elite and recreational climbers and non-climbers.

There is limited information on the anthropometry, strength, endurance and flexibility of female rock climbers. The aim of this study was to compare these characteristics in three groups of females: Group 1 comprised 10 elite climbers aged 31.3 +/- 5.0 years (mean +/- s) who had led to a standard of 'hard very severe'; Group 2 consisted of 10 recreational climbers aged 24.1 +/- 4.0 years who had led to a standard of 'severe'; and Group 3 comprised 10 physically active individuals aged 28.5 +/- 5.0 years who had not previously rock-climbed. The tests included finger strength (grip strength, finger strength measured on climbing-specific apparatus), flexibility, bent arm hang and pull-ups. Regression procedures (analysis of covariance) were used to examine the influence of body mass, leg length, height and age. For finger strength, the elite climbers recorded significantly higher values (P < 0.05) than the recreational climbers and non-climbers (four fingers, right hand: elite 321 +/- 18 N, recreational 251 +/- 14 N, non-climbers 256 +/- 15 N; four fingers, left hand: elite 307 +/- 14 N, recreational 248 +/- 12 N, non-climbers 243 +/- 11 N). For grip strength of the right hand, the elite climbers recorded significantly higher values than the recreational climbers only (elite 338 +/- 12 N, recreational 289 +/- 10 N, non-climbers 307 +/- 11 N). The results suggest that elite climbers have greater finger strength than recreational climbers and non-climbers.     

南宁市城区中学生亚健康现状研究及干预

目的：探讨中学生亚健康的诊断标准并了解南宁市城区中学生亚健康的现状及其影响因素和向健康转化的途径与对策。方法：采用自拟的中学生亚健康诊断标准对受测中学生进行现场调查。结果：南宁市城区中学生亚健康现患率为29．83％，重点校的中学生亚健康现患率高于普通校；亚健康的高发年龄为15岁和18岁；高中组的轻度亚健康现患率高于初中组。结论：中学生亚健康状态的形成，与家庭、学校、社会及自身心理状态等多种因索有关，向健康转化的干预对策，应从心理、生活行为、体育锻炼、科学用药及健康教育等多方面综合考虑进行。     

裁判员在基本体操比赛评分中的心理行为及其调控

通过对裁判员在基本体操比赛评分中各种心理活动的行为分类及分析，提出了基本的管理及调控方法。