Teacher Wellbeing: The Importance of Teacher�CStudent Relationships

Many studies have examined the importance of teacher?Cstudent relationships for the development of children. Much less is known, however, about how these relationships impact the professional and personal lives of teachers. This review considers the importance of teacher?Cstudent relationships for the wellbeing of teachers starting from the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping of Lazarus (1991). Based on theories on interpersonal relationships, it is postulated that teachers have a basic need for relatedness with the students in their class. It is discussed that teachers internalize experiences with students in representational models of relationships that guide emotional responses in daily interactions with students and change teacher wellbeing in the long run. In addition, the notion of mental representations of relationships at different levels of generalization could offer a window to understand how individual teacher?Cstudent relationships may affect the professional and personal self-esteem of teachers. Lastly, it is argued that the influence of student misbehavior on teacher stress may be more fully understood from a relationship perspective. The review shows that few studies have directly tested these propositions and offers suggestions for future research.     

Children's Reasoning About the Refusal to Help: The Role of Need,Costs, and Social Perspective Taking

Children (n = 133, aged 8–13) were interviewed about helping situations that systematically varied in recipient's need for help and the costs for the helper. In situations where helping a peer involved low costs, children perceived a moral obligation to help that was independent of peer norms, parental authority, and reciprocity considerations. When helping a peer involved high costs this overpowered the perceived obligation to help, but only in situations involving low need and when in line with reciprocity. When both need and costs were high, younger children expressed stronger moral indignation while older children were less negative and reasoned in terms of other solutions. Furthermore, stronger moral indignation was related to more advanced social perspective taking skills when need and costs were high.     

Contextual differences in student motivation and self-regulated learning in mathematics,English, and social studies classrooms

Recent research on self-regulated learning has stressed the importance of both motivational and cognitive components of classroom learning. Much of this research has examined these components without consideration of potential contextual differences. Using a within-subject correlational design, the present study assessed mean level differences in students' task value, self-efficacy, test anxiety, cognitive strategy use, regulatory strategy use, and classroom academic performance by gender and across the subject areas of mathematics, social studies, and English. In addition, the relations among the motivational, strategy use, and performance measures were assessed using multivariate regressions. The participants were 545 seventh and eighth grade students (51% females) who responded to a self-report questionnaire. Results revealed mean level differences by subject area and gender in the motivation and cognitive strategy use variables, but not in regulatory strategy use or academic performance. In contrast, results indicated that the relations among these constructs was very similar across the three subject areas examined. Findings are discussed in terms of their importance for understanding the contextual nature of students' self-regulated learning.     

Multiple identities and religious transmission: a study among moroccan-dutch muslim adolescents and their parents

This study investigates the relation between religious group identification and ethnic and national identity among Moroccan‐Dutch Muslim adolescents (11–18 years) and their parents (n = 369). Compared to their parents, adolescents showed higher national identification and lower religious and ethnic group identification. However, for adolescents and their parents, there were similar positive relations between Muslim and ethnic identifications, and both identifications were negatively related to Dutch identification. For early adolescents, parent’s religious group identification was strongly related to their religious identification and ethnic and national identifications. These associations were not significant for middle adolescents. It is concluded that research on children from immigrant Muslim families should not only focus on ethnicity but on religious identity in particular.     

Stability of processing and regulation strategies: Two longitudinal studies on student learning

The way students approach their study tasks isoften assumed to be dependent on the learningcontext. This assumption has received littleresearch attention in terms of longitudinal, orwithin-subjects, designs. In the presentarticle, two longitudinal studies are described which investigate the extent to which learningstrategies change. The strategy part of theInventory of Learning Styles of Vermunt and VanRijswijk (1988) was used to measure the waystudents learn. Repeated measures analyses showa number of statistically significanttrends. The article concludes by comparing thetwo studies, and by suggesting future researchdirections.     

The Relation between Students’ Epistemological Understanding of Computer Models and their Cognitive Processing on a Modelling Task

While many researchers in science education have argued that students’ epistemological understanding of models and of modelling processes would influence their cognitive processing on a modelling task, there has been little direct evidence for such an effect. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relation between students’ epistemological understanding of models and modelling and their cognitive processing (i.e., deep versus surface processing) on a modelling task. Twenty‐six students, working in dyads, were observed while working on a computer‐based modelling task in the domain of physics. Students’ epistemological understanding was assessed on four dimensions (i.e., nature of models, purposes of models, process of modelling, and evaluation of models). Students’ cognitive processes were assessed based on their verbal protocols, using a coding scheme to classify their types of reasoning. The outcomes confirmed the expected positive correlation between students’ level of epistemological understanding and their deep processing (r = 0.40, p = .04), and the negative correlation between level of epistemological understanding and surface processing (r = ?0.51, p = .008). From these results, we emphasise the necessity of considering epistemological understanding in research as well as in educational practice.     

Assessing and Predicting College Students’ Use of Strategies for the Self-Regulation of Motivation

College students (N = 215) completed a self-report instrument designed to assess different regulation of motivation strategies as well as aspects of their motivational beliefs, use of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies, and procrastination. The study serves to extend the research on the self-regulation of motivation through three related findings. One, results indicate that the instrument evaluated in the study provides a reliable and valid method for assessing six motivational regulation strategies in a college population. Two, analyses revealed differences in the extent that students reported using the regulation of motivation strategies, while also showing them to be related to other aspects of self-regulated learning in a theoretically consistent way. Last, findings from a series of multiple regressions indicate that students’ engagement in motivational regulation is a function of their existing motivational beliefs and attitudes.     

The part-whole schema and artithmetical problems

This article consists of a review of work done by Dutch and Belgian researchers on arithmetical problems, especially word-problems, involving addition and substraction. The purpose of this review is to synthesise the research on the relationship between instruction in the part-whole line diagram and the solution of arithmetical problems. In the discussion part of this paper, these findings are interpreted from a logical (mathematical) as well as from a psychological point of view.     

Konzipierung und Realisierung des Breitband-Wissenschaftsnetzes des DFN-Vereins

Zusammenfassung.   Der st?ndig steigende Bedarf der Einrichtungen aus Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung an Bandbreite zur übertragung multimedialer Daten machte den Aufbau eines Breitband-Wissenschaftsnetzes (B-WiN) erforderlich. Der folgende Bericht erl?utert die Methodik der Konzeptionierung und Realisierung des B-WiN. Das Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) unterstützt das Projekt im Zeitraum von 1995 bis 1998 mit erheblichen Zuschüssen. Eingegangen am 23. Mai 1996/Angenommen am 13. Juni 1997