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161.
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163.
This study examined individual differences among beginning readers of English as a foreign language (EFL). The study concentrated
on the effects of underlying first language (L1) knowledge as well as EFL letter and vocabulary knowledge. Phonological and
morphological awareness, spelling, vocabulary knowledge, and word reading in Hebrew L1, in addition to knowledge of EFL letters
and EFL vocabulary, were measured. The study also investigated the effect of socioeconomic background (SES) on beginning EFL
readers. Participants included 145 fourth graders from three schools representing two socioeconomic backgrounds in the north
of Israel. The results indicate that knowledge of English letters played a more prominent role than knowledge of Hebrew L1
components in differentiating between strong and weak EFL readers. The Linguistic Coding Differences Hypothesis was supported
by L1 phonological awareness, word reading, and vocabulary knowledge appearing as part of discriminating functions. The presence
of English vocabulary knowledge as part of the discriminant functions provides support for English word reading being more
than just a decoding task for EFL beginner readers. Socioeconomic status differentiated the groups for EFL word recognition
but not for EFL reading comprehension. 相似文献
164.
Kok-Aun?TohEmail author Boon-Tiong?Ho Joseph?P.?Riley Yin-Kiong?Hoh 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2006,5(3):187-194
The moulding of the future of a nation depends on the teachers and the education they provide in schools. Research evidence
from the US. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) confirms this to be the case. Quantitative analysis of data
indicates that measures associated with pre-service teacher preparation are by far the strongest correlates of student achievement
(Darling-Hammond 2000). The research report of Wilson, Floden, and Ferrini-Mundy (2001) also suggests a strong relationship
between teacher preparation and teacher effectiveness. Other research studies similarly indicate that differences in teacher
quality are the most crucial for student achievement when compared with variables such as class size, streaming, or the amount
of homework (Anderson & Helms 2001; Mendro 1998; Powell & Anderson 2002; Rivkin, Hanushek & Kain 2001; Saunders & Horn 1994;
Strong & Tucker 2000) as possible contributory factors. In the pursuit of improved student achievement, we therefore need
to examine seriously the role of teacher variables, ranging from teacher qualifications and their subject matter knowledge,
to what motivates them to take up teaching as a career and as a consequence, how they teach in classrooms. 相似文献
165.
Bobich JA 《CBE life sciences education》2006,5(3):212-217
The arrangement of course information in a logical sequence for molecular life science (MLS) courses remains a matter of some controversy, even within a single subdiscipline such as biochemistry. This is due to the explosion of knowledge, the latest bioinformatic revelations, and the observation that new discoveries sometimes reveal specific connections between previously disparate topics. However, the general outlines of biomedical information are in place, at least the knowledge that should be conveyed to undergraduates taking cell and molecular biology and biochemistry. Despite the increasing amount and complexity of the information to be presented, integration and unification are possible because the molecular reactions and interactions that underlie all life processes are coming into view: they are common to all cellular structural rearrangements, nucleic acid functions, and biochemical reactions, whether of plant or animal origin. Also, it is no longer possible to draw clear boundaries between cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology that would not violate the fundamental unity of our understanding. Therefore, an arrangement of content is proposed for a two-semester course that aims to present a unified portrait of upper-division undergraduate MLS. 相似文献
166.
167.
Abstract The ideal of bildung as a goal for higher education and research (HER) in European Union member states is losing ground to more pragmatic goals such as innovation and growth. This shift in the policy perspective about the role of science in society has given rise to a system of multi layered governance which in turn is progressively giving rise to the emergence of a new normative regime for the HER sector. This normative regime involves the blurring of boundaries between the public and the private and the introduction of social accountability as a criterion for evaluating scientific knowledge. The paper concludes that the elision of the boundary between private and public disguises real problems about defining who owns what particularly in the light of the increasing commercialisation of public funded science. Further, the limitation of social accountability to select groups of actors who can afford to pay for influencing research raises questions about the ability of the new governance regime for HER to achieve the democratic aims that it purports to pursue. 相似文献
168.
Joseph Klein 《Education and Information Technologies》2013,18(3):443-458
This study examines the conditions under which task performance is accomplished more efficiently by a single individual or a group. 116 participants, ranging in age from high school level through holders of Master’s degrees, 58 women and the same number of men, were presented with a computer game based on educational software, arranged in five levels of difficulty. A comparison was made of the speed in which objectives were attained when performed individually and when divided among groups of two to four partners, controlling for the type of coordination required. Cases of expedient and inexpedient division of labor were identified, as were factors affecting feasibility, among them the number of simultaneous tasks to be performed, complexity level, number of participants and the intensity of coordination required among them. Basic principles, pertaining to the functional division of roles in learning activities and in educational administration, are discussed. 相似文献
169.
We investigated how 2 different curricular scaffolds (context-specific vs. generic), teacher instructional practices, and the interaction between these 2 types of support influenced students' learning of science content and their ability to write scientific arguments to explain phenomena. The context-specific scaffolds provided students with hints about the task and what content knowledge to use in or incorporate into their writing. The generic scaffolds supported students in understanding a general framework (i.e., claim, evidence, and reasoning) regardless of the content area or task. This study focused on an 8-week middle school chemistry curriculum that was enacted by 6 teachers with 578 students during the 2004–2005 school year. Analyses of identical pre- and posttests as well as videotapes of teacher enactments revealed that the curricular scaffolds and teacher instructional practices were synergistic in that the effect of the written curricular scaffolds depended on the teacher's enactment of the curriculum. The context-specific curricular scaffolds were more successful in supporting students in writing scientific arguments to explain phenomena, but only when teachers' enactments provided explicit domain-general support for the claim, evidence, and reasoning framework, suggesting the importance of both types of support in successful learning environments. 相似文献
170.
Joseph P. Caliguri 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(1):44-48
In this research I examined the enactment of liberatory pedagogy, a teaching practice that promotes equity for all learners, from the uniquely informative perspective of young women majoring in mathematics and elementary education. It is grounded theory that seeks to understand the role of personal identity and social location in learning and teaching. I collected data over a two-year period, following two young women from the final semester of their teacher education program to their first teaching positions. Three distinct influences inform the conceptual framework of this study: (a) the underrepresentation of women in mathematics; (b) the devaluing of elementary teachers' content and pedagogical knowledge; and (c) the marginalization of the education major and pedagogical knowledge. I ask research questions regarding the type of preservice education these women experience and how it informs their enactment of liberatory pedagogy. Themes among the findings include coping with being a stranger in both lands, the desire to know oneself as a learner, and enacting liberatory pedagogy as beginning inservice teachers. 相似文献