本期说明

8年前,1978年9月份,全球范围讨论发达国家及发展中国家对卫生保健服务普遍不满的第1次国际会议在阿拉木图(Alma-Ata)召开。经过6天的讨论,来自约150个国家的大约1200名与会代表通过了一个宣言,这可以看作是卫生保健革命的一个起点。健康是身体的、精神的和社会生活安宁的一种完好状态,是一种基本人权。达到可能的最佳健康水平是全世界最重要的目标。这一目标的实现除了卫生部门外还需要许多其它社会和经济方面的力量——教育、农业的促进、食品供应及适当营养、安全水源供给及基     

关节的屈曲、伸展和表面肌电图

人体运动学最基本的研究课题是身体在运动时,各部肌肉起多大作用,以及在各时相中是如何活动的。在机能解剖学领域中谈论过这一问题。找原动肌最确切的方法,就是在运动结束后最疲劳的肌肉是哪一块,根据这一主观反映来判断。当今,用肌电图仪同时记录几块肌肉的肌电图,可看出“原动肌”、“协作肌”对抗肌”。本文将通过记录肌电图,对最     

Chasing the sun: a virtual reference service between SAHSLC (SA) and SWICE (UK)

AIM: In 2002, a discussion in the United Kingdom (UK) between South-west Information for Clinical Effectiveness (SWICE) librarians and a member of the South Australian Department of Human Services Libraries' Consortium (SAHSLC) raised the possibility of developing an after-hours virtual reference service between the two consortium groups. The aim of the service is to put medical practitioners in contact with a librarian when urgent help is required in finding clinical medical information after hours. METHODS: A trial project has begun and has been given the name 'Chasing the Sun'. The service will make use of time-zone differences between the UK and Australia, so that librarians at work in another country will be able to answer urgent patient-related queries that cannot wait until normal office hours. RESULTS: This paper looks at the development of 'Chasing the Sun' from initial concept, funding proposal and trial project stage to implementation. It includes details of the groundwork, software evaluation, trials, outcomes, cost and benefits, future directions and potential problems yet to be experienced or overcome. CONCLUSION: This service is the first of its kind between health libraries in the world and offers potential for future worldwide expansion.     

Heat production and storage are positively correlated with measures of body size/composition and heart rate drift during vigorous running

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationships between: (a) measures of body size/composition and heat production/storage, and (b) heat production/storage and heart rate (HR) drift during running at 95% of the velocity that elicited lactate threshold, which was determined for 20 healthy recreational male runners. Subsequently, changes in skin and tympanic temperatures associated with a vigorous 20-min run, HR, and VO2 data were recorded. It was found that heat production was significantly correlated with body mass (r = .687), lean mass (r = .749), and body surface area (BSA, r = .699). Heat storage was significantly correlated with body mass (r = .519), fat mass (r = .464), and BSA (r = .498). The percentage of produced heat stored was significantly correlated with body mass (r = .427), fat mass (r = .455), and BSA (r = .414). Regression analysis showed that the sum of body mass, percentage of body fat, BSA, lean mass, and fat mass accounted for 30% of the variability in heat storage. It was also found that HR drift was significantly correlated with heat storage (r = .383), percentage of produced heat stored (r = .433), and core temperature change (r = .450). It was concluded that heavier runners experienced greater heat production, heat storage, and core temperature increases than lighter runners during vigorous running.     

Effects of adding a preceding run-up on performance, blood lactate concentration and heart rate during maximal intermittent vertical jumping

In this study, we examined the effects of a prior run-up on intermittent maximal vertical jump performance. Seven regionally ranked male volleyball players volunteered to participate in the study. They performed three randomized tests: (1) six repeated intermittent maximal jumps (jump condition), (2) six repeated intermittent run-ups (run-up condition), and (3) six repeated run-ups followed by maximal jumps (run-up plus jump condition). All performances were assessed and blood lactate concentration and heart rate were measured before and after each of the tests. Mean ( +/- ) jump performance (64.7 +/- 2.3 cm) increased significantly (P = 0.02) over the course of the jump condition and was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than for the run-up plus jump condition (58.0 +/- 3.2 cm), which tended to decrease with repetition. Blood lactate concentration was significantly higher in the run-up plus jump condition (3.73 +/- 0.24 mmol . l(-1)) than in the jump (2.61 +/- 0.26 mmol . l(-1), P = 0.02) and run-up (2.86 +/- 0.18 mmol . l(-1), P = 0.03) conditions. The increase in heart rate was significantly higher both in the run-up plus jump condition (33 +/- 6 beats . min(-1), P = 0.05) and run-up condition (33 +/- 4 beats . min(-1), P = 0.02) than in the jump condition (21 +/- 3 beats . min(-1)). The results indicate that the addition of run-ups probably impeded performance in the repetition of vertical jumps.     

論視導工作

提高教育科學的思想理論水平,改善教學方法,使教學方法與教學實際聯繫起來,鞏固學生的自覺紀律,培養有文化、有教養、有才能的公民,以顺利地建設社會主義社會,這是目前我們蘇聯學校光榮的、重大的任務。所有教學工作人員,都必須孜孜不倦地改進自己的工作,以完成這些任務;並且必须首先提高教學和教育工作的質量。視導員所担任的為保證學校教育的質量而實施的國家監督,在提高學校和教師的工作上,起着不少的作用。     

夏玉米高产栽培系统模拟研究

通过回归设计试验和夏玉米高产攻关田生育动态调查，经统计建模和系统模拟，优选出吨粮高产玉米农艺措施决策方案为：密度5．64－6．24千株／亩，追纯氮28．20－33．85kg／亩，P2O512．39－14．22kg／亩K2O23．16－24．24．80kg／亩；并明确了高产玉米的株高及叶面积增长动态，从而为田间管理提供了依据。对产量构成因素的偏相关分析 启示，要进一步夺取产高，应在合理密植的基础上，以力争穗粒数兼顾千粒重为主攻方向。