人口老龄化对我国经济社会发展的影响及对策

人口老龄化是经济社会发展进步的重要标志,也给经济社会发展带来重大的影响和挑战。妥善应时人口老龄化的挑战,对深入贯彻落实科学发展观,实现可持续发展具有重要意义,也是落实以人为本,构建和谐社会的重要方面之一。多年来,我国经济的迅速发展为应对人口老龄化奠定了坚实的物质基础,现阶段应当以转变经济发展方式、加强和创新社会管理为重点,破解人口老龄化带来的经济社会难题。     

商务英语专业实践教学改革探析

为适应我国国际贸易经济的快速发展,许多高校近年越来越重视商务英语教学;商务英语人才不仅需要外语与国际贸易的理论知识,还要掌握熟练的语言技能和外贸实务操作能力;从教学实际出发,分析目前商务英语教学中存在的问题,提出了对该课程教学实践改革的构想,其目的在于探索商务英语实践教学课程改革的有效途径。     

机械制造工艺学课程实践教学体系及模式研究

根据新时期对人才培养的更高要求,在总结、分析机械制造工艺课程教学现状及存在问题的基础上,以培养实践能力和创新能力为目标,完善实践教学体系,提出一种实践教学与理论教学相协调、与科研相结合、与社会需求相适应的项目式实践教学模式并付诸实施,实现产学研有机结合,取得良好效果。     

Does academic apprenticeship increase networking ties among participants? A case study of an energy efficiency training program

In order to address the requirements of future education in different fields of academic professional activity, a model called Academic Apprenticeship Education was initiated in Finland in 2009. The aim of this article is to analyse the development of expert networks in the context of a 1-year Academic Apprenticeship Education model in the field of energy efficiency, which is a new and rapidly developing knowledge-intensive field. We examined the creation of networking ties among all course participants, the process of networking in small groups, and individual participants’ networking activity. Data was collected by administering a social networking questionnaire in the beginning and at the end of the training to all course participants (n = 87) and analysed using social network analysis and repeated measures ANOVA. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with organizers of the training to examine how the operational practices of the training supported networking. The results indicated that there was little change in the networking ties among all course participants. However, those small groups that were able to communicate appeared to create internal linkages. At the individual level, more new ties emerged for private sector actors than for public sector actors. In conclusion, we propose that a consolidated educational model should be created for the Academic Apprenticeship Education model in general. The quality of education might be better assured if the current ad hoc networks were not the only way to organise knowledge exchange among participants.     

Differential Item Functioning Assessment in Cognitive Diagnostic Modeling: Application of the Wald Test to Investigate DIF in the DINA Model

Analyzing examinees’ responses using cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) has the advantage of providing diagnostic information. To ensure the validity of the results from these models, differential item functioning (DIF) in CDMs needs to be investigated. In this article, the Wald test is proposed to examine DIF in the context of CDMs. This study explored the effectiveness of the Wald test in detecting both uniform and nonuniform DIF in the DINA model through a simulation study. Results of this study suggest that for relatively discriminating items, the Wald test had Type I error rates close to the nominal level. Moreover, its viability was underscored by the medium to high power rates for most investigated DIF types when DIF size was large. Furthermore, the performance of the Wald test in detecting uniform DIF was compared to that of the traditional Mantel‐Haenszel (MH) and SIBTEST procedures. The results of the comparison study showed that the Wald test was comparable to or outperformed the MH and SIBTEST procedures. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the proposed method and suggestions for future studies are discussed.     

Effects of childhood trauma on personality in a sample of Chinese adolescents

Childhood trauma is a major public health problem which has an impact on personality development, yet no studies have examined the association between exposure to trauma and personality in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Four hundred eighty-five students completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The CTQ-SF cut-off scores for exposure were used to calculate the prevalence of trauma. The possible associations between specific types of trauma and the EPQ subscale scores were examined. The rates of emotional abuse (EA), physical abuse (PA), sexual abuse (SA), emotional neglect (EN), and physical neglect (PN) were 18.76%, 11.13%, 27.01%, 49.48%, and 68.66%, respectively. Individuals subjected to EA, PA, and SA had significantly higher neuroticism (EPQ-N) and psychoticism (EPQ-P) scores on the EPQ compared with those who had not experienced EA, PA, or SA (all p values < 0.05). Significant positive correlations existed between CTQ-SF subscale scores for EA, SA, CTQ-SF total scores, and EPQ-N, EPQ-P scores (all p values < 0.05). Significant number of subjects in this adolescent sample reported experience of childhood abuse and neglect. Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with personality development in Chinese adolescents.     

On personal and collective dimensions of agency in doctoral training: medicine and natural science programs

The purpose of the present study was to investigate knowledge-creating agency by examining doctoral students' accounts of their pursuits, using structured interviews. We examined all of the talk apparently related to agency of 13 doctoral students taking part in collective doctoral training in two, highly regarded Finnish research communities (natural science and medicine). The doctoral process involved the participants pursuing article-based theses based on collectively shared research problems and journal articles co-authored with the supervisor and other senior researchers. Based on the qualitative analysis of the interviews, three categories of agentic talk were identified, respectively, for three proposed types of knowledge-creating agency: personal, distributed, and ‘object-related’. Personal agency involved participants' reflection on their academic competence, self-efficacy, and personal strengths and weaknesses. Distributed agency played an important role in assisting these participants overcoming challenges; this includes sharing of expertise, receiving social support, and having a sense of collective efficacy. Object-related agency, in turn, represented integration of a doctoral student's efforts with those of her immediate research community while pursuing shared research objects (e.g., co-authored articles). Apart from issues of agency which, the authors propose, are raised in the interviews, the data provide content-rich accounts of the collective nature of doctoral experiences.     

界首彩陶图形装饰中线造型解析

通过对线的不同概念的认识,以及它所体现在界首彩陶装饰中所产生的不同艺术特色,来进一步分析阐述线造型的内在特征及其在界首彩陶装饰艺术造型中的独特的民间艺术魅力。     

概率统计教学模式与方法改革研究

本文针对概率统计课程的教学,探究教学模式与方法的改革,提出了以人为本的教学理念,突出概率统计的实用性和趣味性,注重课程实验的教学,加强实践性教学环节,探索开发潜能、启迪心智,全面提高学生动手能力和综合素质的课程教学优化策略。     

教师资格证制度改革背景下的语文教育专业改革

近年来,随着社会的飞跃发展,社会对“未来教师”的需求质量也在不断提高。2013年新一轮教师资格证书制度改革开始实施,作为高职高专院校培养师范生的重要专业,语文教育专业毫无疑问应担当起改革之大任,为学校、社会输送更多乐教适教的教育人才。本文通过梳理语文教育之史,结合教学实际,提出了改革设想,以期对语文教育专业的发展有一定的贡献。