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61.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to community violence (neighborhood, school, police, and gang violence) and psychological distress in a sample of children living in the Cape Town, South Africa area. Another objective was to identify variables that moderate and mediate the relationship between exposure to community violence and psychological distress. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 185 children between the age of 8 and 13 from five Cape Town Township schools. Structured scales were used to measure exposure to several forms of community violence, family functioning, social support, perceptions of safety, and "unknown" locus of control. RESULTS: Exposure to all forms of violence was extremely high and resulted in substantial psychological distress. Perceived safety functioned as a mediating variable for all forms of violence. Unknown locus of control, social support, family organization, and family control moderated the effects of exposure to certain kinds of violence. Surprisingly, exposure to murder was not related to psychological distress, suggesting a possible "numbing" effect of extreme forms of violence. Hearing about violence from others had almost the same effect as actually witnessing it. Older children had witnessed more violence and were experiencing more distress, suggesting an "exposure accumulation" effect. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the importance of a child's ability to feel safe in reducing the distress that occurs as a result to exposure to violence. Parents and schools can help children cope, but there appear to be limits. Early intervention, before maladaptive coping mechanisms have developed, also appears to be important. 相似文献
62.
Attachment and Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
To explore the meaning and function of attachment organization during adolescence, its relation to multiple domains of psychosocial functioning was examined in a sample of 131 moderately at-risk adolescents. Attachment organization was assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview; multiple measures of functioning were obtained from parents, adolescents, and their peers. Security displayed in adolescents' organization of discourse about attachment experiences was related to competence with peers (as reported by peers), lower levels of internalizing behaviors (as reported by adolescents), and lower levels of deviant behavior (as reported by peers and by mothers). Preoccupation with attachment experiences, seen in angry or diffuse and unfocused discussion of attachment experiences, was linked to higher levels of both internalizing and deviant behaviors. These relations generally remained even when other attachment-related constructs that had been previously related to adolescent functioning were covaried in analyses. Results are interpreted as suggesting an important role for attachment organization in a wide array of aspects of adolescent psychosocial development. 相似文献
63.
64.
This paper describes a project undertaken with parents from an inner city primary school in Hartlepool, England. The main objectives of the project were to increase the self esteem of the parents, to give them an understanding of the pre-school curriculum and to enable them to develop their skills, knowledge and confidence to become involved in school life and to take ownership of their own children's education. The project focused around the production of a video to show nursery life in the school and this production was used as a vehicle to encourage the fulfilment of the objectives described above. The paper concludes by describing the successful outcomes of the project. Some of the outcomes were planned for, but we were equally delighted with the unexpected ones. 相似文献
65.
66.
Kathy Hytten 《Educational theory》2009,59(4):395-408
Drawing primarily on the work of John Dewey, Kathy Hytten argues that rethinking democracy can help us to respond more productively to the challenges of globalization. Dewey maintained that democracy is much more than a political system; instead it is a personal way of life, a mode of associated living, and a moral ideal. Yet this is not the vision of democracy prevalent today, especially within the rhetoric of globalization. Hytten begins by describing some of the challenges of globalization. She then shows how Dewey faced similar challenges, discussing why Dewey's ideas are still relevant. Hytten goes on to trace how Dewey's conception of democracy can help us to think differently about these challenges. She concludes by arguing that Dewey offers us some valuable democratic habits, dispositions, and visions that remain important resources in building a pluralistic, socially just, inclusive, and enriching community within our globalized world. 相似文献
67.
Amanda Berry John Loughran Kathy Smith Simon Lindsay 《Research in Science Education》2009,39(4):575-594
This paper reports research from a three-year Australian science teacher professional learning project, the Science Teaching
and Learning (STaL) Project, in which groups of science teacher participants (across years K – 12) worked with academics over
a one-year period as teacher researchers. Through reflecting on their experiences within the STaL Project and collecting data
from their classrooms related to specific science teaching concerns, teacher participants constructed cases around particular
aspects of their professional learning. The cases that these participants developed elicited rich insights into their teaching
and their students’ learning of science. This paper discusses how the cases were developed by the teacher researcher participants
and uses exemplars as a way of illustrating the nature of the professional knowledge developed. 相似文献
68.
Kathy Cabe Trundle Ronald K. Atwood John E. Christopher Mesut Sackes 《Research in Science Education》2010,40(3):451-478
This study investigated the effect of non-traditional guided inquiry instruction on middle school students’ conceptual understandings
of lunar concepts. Multiple data sources were used to describe participants’ conceptions of lunar phases and their cause,
including drawings, interviews, and a lunar shapes card sort. The data were analyzed via a constant comparative method to
produce profiles of each participant’s conceptual understandings and nonparametric tests also were used. Results revealed
very positive performance for observable moon phases and patterns of change, as well as the cause of moon phases. Results
indicated that significantly more participants shifted from drawing nonscientific shapes on the pretest to drawing scientific
shapes on the post-test. Results for the drawings of moon phase sequences were similar in that significantly more participants
shifted from drawing alternative waxing and waning sequences on the pretest to drawing scientific sequences on the post-test.
Also, significantly more participants shifted from alternative understanding of the cause of the moon phases on the pretest
to scientific understanding on the post-test. Implications of these findings and recommendations for further research are
provided. 相似文献
69.
Chris A. Hopper Mary B. Gruber Kathy D. Munoz Robert A. Herb 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):315-321
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parental involvement in a school-based program about exercise and nutrition. One fifth grade and one sixth grade class were randomly assigned to each of the three different treatment conditions, a school-and-home condition (n = 45), a school-only condition (n = 43), and a control condition (n = 44). In the school-and-home condition, the children's parents were also asked to participate in nutritional and exercise activities at home as a family “home team.” A multivariate analysis of variance on change scores was completed on the following variables: height, weight, skinfold, sit-and-reach, sit-ups, mile run, exercise knowledge, saturated fat, cholesterol, percent calories from fat, percent calories from carbohydrates, and nutrition knowledge. There was a significant difference among groups. The school-and-home and school-only groups showed significantly greater improvement than the control group but were not significantly different from each other. Univariate analyses on posttest scores indicated that the school-and-home children scored significantly higher than the control group on sit-and-reach flexibility and nutrition knowledge. The results indicate that including the family was primarily effective in facilitating children's improvements in flexibility and nutrition knowledge rather than in diet and exercise behaviors. 相似文献
70.
Brenna Hassinger-Das Tamara S. Toub Jennifer M. Zosh Jessica Michnick Roberta Golinkoff Kathy Hirsh-Pasek 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2017,40(2):191-218
Games play a significant role in childhood, fuelling hours of engagement and social interaction, and probably much learning as well. Board games, card games and outdoor games (such as Tag) first come to mind, but more recently, games have also gone digital. In this piece, we offer a new perspective by placing games within the established construct of ‘playful learning’. We review key elements of playful learning and the two subtypes: free play and guided play. We suggest that games promote learning in ways similar to other playful learning situations. Games involve fun, a sense of curiosity and an inhibition of reality, in active, engaging, meaningful and socially interactive contexts. We argue that games therefore belong alongside free play and guided play to form a trio of playful learning experiences. This perspective adds to a growing understanding of the role of games in supporting children’s learning and development. 相似文献