论诗歌韵式与音乐调式的同构性

音乐美是中外古典格律诗歌有别于其他文体的基本特征,诗歌韵式与音乐调式具有同构性。本文具体分析诗歌韵式与音乐调式的组织功能、音乐调式和诗歌韵部的色彩、音乐的转调和诗歌的转韵、调式和韵式对节奏的影响、汉诗"衬韵"与西洋"ab"韵等同构关系,从中外传统诗歌韵式中为新诗韵建设提供借鉴的合理内核。     

Considerations of force plate transitions on centre of pressure calculation for maximal velocity sprint running

The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of centre of pressure (COP) data obtained during transition of load across the boundary between two force plates, and secondly to examine the effect of such COP data on joint kinetics during sprint running performances. COP data were collected from two piezoelectric force plates as a trolley wheel was rolled across the boundary between the plates. Position data for the trolley were collected using an opto-electronic motion analysis system for comparison with COP data. Mean COP errors during transition across the plate boundary were 0.003 ± 0.002 m relative to a control point. Kinematic and kinetic data were also collected from eight athletes during sprint running trials to demonstrate the sensitivity of the inverse dynamics analysis to COP error for the ground contact phase of the dynamic movement trials. Kinetic sensitivity to the COP error was assessed during the entire stance phase for the ankle, knee, and hip joints and was less than 5% and 3% for joint moment and power data, respectively. Based on the small COP error during transition across plate boundaries, it is recommended that foot contacts overlapping two force plates may be included in inverse dynamics analyses.     

Desktop research – bibliographic databases and electronic journals

Contemporary aspects of research methods in sport and exercise psychology are discussed in this wide-ranging review. After an introduction centred on trends in sport and exercise psychology methods, the review is organized around the major themes of quantitative and qualitative research. Our aim is to highlight areas that may be problematic or controversial (e.g. stepwise statistical procedures), underused (e.g. discriminant analysis), increasingly used (e.g. meta-analysis, structural equation modelling, qualitative content analysis) and emergent (e.g. realist tales of writing). Perspectives range from the technical and speculative to the controversial and critical. While deliberately not providing a ‘cookbook’ approach to research methods, we hope to provide enough material to help researchers to appreciate the diversity of potential methods and to adopt a more critical perspective in their own research consumption and production.     

Calculating upper limb inertial parameters

Abstract

In the kinematic and kinetic analysis of human movement, an accurate assessment of the inertial properties of the body segments under investigation is often essential. Statistical and geometric models of the segments of the upper limb were examined to determine their ability to predict the moments of inertia of these segments. The cadaver data of Chandler et al. (1975) were used as the criteria with which computed values were compared. The regression equations of Hinrichs (1985) gave the most accurate results; the geometric models appeared to offer the greatest flexibility.     

大学图书馆新馆建设理念与设计

论述新馆建设是图书馆的一项极其重要的任务,是图书馆今后长期使用效果的基础保障。必须在设计之初就给予高度重视和缜密的规划,图书馆人员应深入地嵌入到其规划、设计和施工的过程中。结合工作实践,对图书馆新馆建设的理念、总平面布局和若干设计要点进行分析和探讨。     

Whole-body and multi-joint kinematic control strategy variability during backward rotating dismounts from beam

The aim of this study was to develop insight into the whole-body and multi-joint kinematic control strategy variability associated with the execution of fundamental backward rotating dismounts from beam. Two-dimensional joint centre coordinate data were obtained for ten backward piked and backward tucked somersault dismount skills performed by four female gymnasts (N = 80 trials). Gymnast-specific and group variability in whole-body and multi-joint discrete kinematic measures were compared for the aerial and impact phase of backward piked and backward tucked skills. The backward tucked skill was executed using a more variable knee joint angular velocity at take-off (mean difference in standard deviation ± SD: -2.6 ± 1.0 rad · s(-1); P < 0.01) than the backward piked skill. The variability in the whole-body and multi-joint kinematic responses produced between the impact phases of each skill was gymnast-specific. The greater variability in the localized knee joint action at take-off was considered indicative of the diverse shape element demands and key performance outcomes of the two skills. Self-selected modulations to the multi-joint kinematic strategy used in the impact phase suggested customization of the joint loading adjustments in executing the fundamental dismount skills.     

Musculoskeletal work preceding the outward and inward Tkachev on uneven bars in artistic gymnastics

Outward facing Tkachevs on uneven bars have been the traditional technique employed by artistic gymnasts. Changes in bar spacing and judging have increased the popularity of the inward version of the skill, in which the gymnast faces towards the low bar as she straddles over the high bar. The purpose of this study was to compare these two variants of the women's Tkachev to examine the influence of the positioning of the low bar on the musculoskeletal demands placed on the gymnast. 3-D DLT reconstructed data sets from digitised video images of straddle Tkachevs performed at the 2000 Sydney Olympics were analysed. Five performances of each variant were compared using kinematics and inverse dynamics. Mean hip and shoulder kinematics were similar for both variants of the Tkachev, but for the inward, gymnasts released later, travelled higher and re-grasped earlier than for the outward. Hip joint moments were similar for both variants while shoulder moments were different. Total musculoskeletal demands were similar for both variants, although the distribution was markedly different with the shoulders contributing positively for the outward and negatively for the inward. Implications for training specificity, along with potential future developments for the inward variant, have been highlighted.