Physical activity among Spanish adolescents: relationship with their relatives' physical activity - the AVENA study

Identifying factors related to physical activity levels in young people is important for a more efficient health promotion. The aims of this study were to assess physical activity levels in a national sample of urban Spanish adolescents, and to examine the association between significant others' physical activity (father, mother, brother, sister, and close friends) and that of the adolescents. The present study comprised 2260 adolescents (1157 boys, 1103 girls) aged 13.0-18.5 years participating in the AVENA Study. Both the adolescents' physical activity and that of their relatives and close friends was assessed by questionnaire. The odds of being active were higher in boys than girls (odds ratio?=?2.79, 95% confidence interval?=?2.34-3.33) and tended to decrease across age groups in both boys and girls. Father's and older brother's physical activity was associated with boys' physical activity, while that of any significant other was associated with girls' physical activity. When both parents reported being active, boys had nearly two times higher odds of being active and girls had nearly three times higher odds of being active. The physical activity levels of Spanish adolescents are in line with those previously reported. Physical activity levels in girls are strongly related to the physical activity of any significant other, whereas physical activity levels in boys are only related to their male relatives' physical activity.     

消失的垃圾话

"在季后赛里,谁更能说垃圾话,谁就更能赢球,"球员X说。"当然,那个叫KG的家伙除外。"球员X是NBA的匿名球星,文章取自他的专栏。这两年的季后赛,已经很少再出现能够流行的垃圾话了,至于那些摄魂幽默、绕梁三日的辛辣争辩,更是想都别想。是     

满天乱飞乌鸦嘴

在近几年的NBA赛事预测方面,一些专家团可谓颜面尽失,他们俨然成了"球王"贝利"乌鸦嘴"的继承者。相反,那个一向以"大嘴","乌鸦嘴"等等与不靠谱相联系的查尔斯·巴克利,竟然在本赛季季后赛的预测方面成了最准的"神嘴",迄今为止,季后赛的走势还完全在他的预测轨迹之中。     

七年之痒杰 拉德·华莱士

现实总是充满荆棘和残酷,NBA就是一个江湖,在这里湿了鞋的每一个成员,从第一天起就做好了遭遇种种突发事件的准备,包括最有可能出现的背叛。杰拉德·华莱士为山猫效力了七年,正应了中国那句老话"七年之痒",于是,曾经的"猫王"也遭遇了背叛。     

杰梅因·奥尼尔 沉睡的天使

曾经的"96黄金一代"正在慢慢从舞台的中央移向大幕之侧,即使曾经无所不能的科比,本赛季也明显露出了疲态。小奥从来都不是这一代中的顶尖球员,现在伤病又无情地袭扰着他,不轰轰烈烈却绵绵长长。但小奥尼尔这位沉睡的天使,终有一天会回复青春。     

A to Z百世不易易建联

在姚明连续缺席了两个赛季之后,易建联几乎承载了中国球迷全部的爱,但在过去的2010—11赛季中,阿联经历了伤病、状态不佳,也有过精彩。但是,过去的已经过去,未来还在前方。     

Continuously perfused microbubble array for 3D tumor spheroid model

Multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) have been established as a 3D physiologically relevant tumor model for drug testing in cancer research. However, it is difficult to control the MCTS testing parameters and the entire process is time-consuming and expensive. To overcome these limitations, we developed a simple microfluidic system using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microbubbles to culture tumor spheroids under physiological flow. The flow characteristics such as streamline directions, shear stress profile, and velocity profile inside the microfluidic system were first examined computationally using a COMSOL simulation. Colo205 tumor spheroids were created by a modified hanging drop method and maintained inside PDMS microbubble cavities in perfusion culture. Cell viability inside the microbubbles was examined by live cell staining and confocal imaging. E-selectin mediated cell sorting of Colo205 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines on functionalized microbubble and PDMS surfaces was achieved. Finally, to validate this microfluidic system for drug screening purposes, the toxicity of the anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin, on Colo205 cells in spheroids was tested and compared to cells in 2D culture. Colo205 spheroids cultured in flow showed a threefold increase in resistance to doxorubicin compared to Colo205 monolayer cells cultured under static conditions, consistent with the resistance observed previously in other MCTS models. The advantages presented by our microfluidic system, such as the ability to control the size uniformity of the spheroids and to perform real-time imaging on cells in the growth platform, show potential for high throughput drug screening development.     

A longitudinal perspective of the relationship between perceived motivational climate, goal orientations, and strategy use

Achievement goal theory suggests that goal orientations and the perceived motivational climate may influence one another and other motivational variables over time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to examine the relationship between perceived motivational climate and goal orientations over time (b) to investigate how goal orientations may fluctuate when the climate was in opposition to the initial goal orientation, (c) to determine how the climate may impact practice strategies. A set of inventories was administered to 162 college students at preselected times throughout several 16-week physical activity classes. Changes occurred in students' goal orientations, particularly when the perceived motivational climate was in opposition to their goal orientation. Aspects of the task-involving climate positively predicted practice strategies.