伊格尔顿意识形态批评及其启示

本文认为意识形态是一个具有现实关怀立场的批判性理论范畴，伊格尔顿也正是继承了意识形态的这种特点。他在文学和美学领域进行理论研究的同时坚持关怀现实，力图揭示意识形态生产的文学背后的社会权力关系以及审美作为一种意识形态现象的各种复杂机制。这为文学批评和研究带来两点重要的启示。     

演进与转换:卫拉特蒙古人的宗教信仰

文章对早期卫拉特人①的萨满教信仰,以及藏传佛教在卫拉特民间传播的时间、过程、内外因素进行了分析,认为卫拉特蒙古人宗教信仰的转换经历了一段艰难而复杂的过程,最终形成了卫拉特蒙古化的藏传佛教这一宗教信仰.     

汉藏并列复句的比较与翻译

汉语并列复句根据关联词语分为平列、对比、解证三种情况,大多用互相呼应 的关联词语(也有单用的),还有不用关联词语的,是通过语义和逻辑关系来体现的;而藏语表示并列关系的复句大多单用关联词语,互相呼应的关联词极少,藏语表示并列关系的关联语有表示纯语法意义的属格助词、连词、少数副词以及具格助词或副词与一些虚化的实词组合而成的连词等。翻译时根据汉藏并列复句的特点,在译文中要使用恰当的关联词语,汉语中无关联词语的,在译文中要增译相应的关联词语。     

The challenges of setting up the evaluation of extension systems by using a systems approach: the case of Greece,Italy and Slovenia

Purpose: Considering current debates on ecosystem services’ effectiveness and the AIS/AKIS functioning, in this study we suggest a new, systemic way to evaluate extension systems (ESs). Using this model, we compared the effectiveness of ESs in three countries with essential differences but also characteristic similarities in their agricultural sectors: Greece, Italy and Slovenia.

Design/methodology/approach: Initially, we defined ‘extension system’ as a wide range of actors integrating resources with the aim of co-producing value (not for but with) farmers. To capture the value flow within this constellation of actors we distinguished between the notion of ‘value in production’ – i.e. the value embodied in service offerings – and the value emanating when service content is used in real settings or ‘value in use.’

Findings: Our approach revealed that, despite their structural and organizational differences, the ES in the three countries share common problems arising from a limited focus on the issue of value in use.

Practical implications: The application of a systemic approach – seeing farmers as co-creators and not as end-users of extension services – in the evaluation of ESs contributes to better understand the complexity of value flow within the system and can strengthen extension systems’ effectiveness.

Theoretical implications: The present study, by reconsidering traditional evaluation approaches and by focusing on value co-production, offers an alternative value-centric framework for the conceptualization of extension services and points out to the need for refining the evaluation criteria of ESs.

Originality/value: Our work, by emphasizing the reciprocal creation of value within ESs, and by adding the concept of value in use, offers a new systems approach worth considering when evaluating ESs within different organizational and sociocultural contexts.     

An Empirically Based Method of Q‐Matrix Validation for the DINA Model: Development and Applications

Most model fit analyses in cognitive diagnosis assume that a Q matrix is correct after it has been constructed, without verifying its appropriateness. Consequently, any model misfit attributable to the Q matrix cannot be addressed and remedied. To address this concern, this paper proposes an empirically based method of validating a Q matrix used in conjunction with the DINA model. The proposed method can be implemented with other considerations such as substantive information about the items, or expert knowledge about the domain, to produce a more integrative framework of Q‐matrix validation. The paper presents the theoretical foundation for the proposed method, develops an algorithm for its practical implementation, and provides real and simulated data applications to examine its viability. Relevant issues regarding the implementation of the method are discussed.     

Are we a product of our environment? Assessing culturally congruent Green advertising appeals,novelty, and environmental concern in India and the U.S.A.

In response to rising consumption effects on the environment, green advertisers have employed different tactics to advertise their unique products. Limited research has explored the impact of culturally congruent appeals in green advertising. A total of 118 (N) adults participated online to assess the influence of these appeals in a cross-cultural context. Findings indicate that collectivistic appeals worked best among Indian consumers while individualistic appeals were more effective for Americans. Ad novelty and environmental concern were important covariates. Implications for advertisers are discussed.     

Development of an instrument to measure technology studies teachers' attitudes to environmental and social issues

An important issue in the development and implementation of technology education curricula in Victoria is the extent to which environmental and societal issues related to technology are being addressed in the teaching of technology studies. This paper reports on the preliminary phases of a study which is intended to evaluate these aspects of technology education and describes the development of an instrument for use with practising year 11 and 12 technology studies teachers. The instrument sets out to measure teachers' attitudes towards (1) environmental and societal issues and (2) whether such issues should be taught within technology studies, as well as to investigate the extent to which such issues are actually taught in practice. In order to develop the initial version of the instrument, twenty practising technology studies teachers in Victoria were interviewed in order to ascertain their ideas about environmental and societal issues as well as to gather some initial data on the major questions.     

Orchestrating policy ideas: philanthropies and think tanks in US education policy advocacy networks

While think tanks are a global phenomenon, their role in shaping US policy offers an instructive example of think tank influence on policymaking due to the immensity of resources directed towards those ends, with education policy serving as a prime example. Focusing on a distinct set of “incentivist” education policies, this analysis describes the think tank-philanthropy linkage in US education policymaking. We offer examples of how philanthropists provide financial, empirical and political resources to advance think tanks’ policy ideas through advocacy networks; describe the multiple functions performed through advocacy networks of intermediary organisations, noting the diffusion of form and function around tasks such as knowledge production, political and media support; and we highlight the ways in which US venture philanthropists and think tanks connect around “idea orchestration” in order to advance ideas in policy processes. We suggest that, especially in the realm of incentivist policies, think tanks do not appear to produce or incubate but rather promote ideas, and actually often only a single idea. The concluding discussion considers advantages evident in idea orchestration and the implications of private control of public policymaking.