Do touch: Sponges

Excerpted from Do Touch: Easy, Hands-On Learning Experiences for Young Children, by La Britta Gilbert. © 1989 Gryphon House, PO Box 275, Mt. Rainier, MD 20712.     

从“悲远嫁”中唱出“赞和亲”的壮歌——谈《咏怀古迹》（其三）中有“诗教”主旋律的乐音

怎样讲出杜甫《咏怀古迹》（其三）中蕴涵有爱国主义的情愫,是＂诗教＂中的难点之一。本文提出可行的解法。     

中美特殊教育教师政策比较研究

当前我国还没有建立起完善的特殊教育教师政策体系,教师政策作为特殊教育政策核心部分的地位并未体现出来.比照美国的特殊教育教师政策,可为反思与完善我国的特殊教育教师政策提供重要的借鉴与启示.目前我国的特殊教育教师政策要着重解决两个方面的问题.一是由解决特殊教育教师短缺问题向提高教师整体素质转化,二是实现提高特殊教育教师待遇与严格教师标准的统一.而从教师教育长远的发展趋势来看,我们需要建立特殊教育教师质量建设中各个环节的标准.     

藏族传统吉祥八物图的文化内涵及其象征

藏族传统绘画中表现吉庆祥瑞题材的图案颇丰,可谓“图必有意,意必吉祥”的文化审美意识已深入到藏民生活的方方面面。藏族民间不但有喜闻乐见的吉祥八宝图,而且还有吉祥八物图。藏族传统吉祥八物图和其它藏族传统的吉祥图案一样,也是在藏族文献经典及民间僧俗百姓中喜闻乐见的一种吉祥图案。藏族传统吉祥图案中,有的是动植物,有的是自然物,有的是人工制造物。不管是动植物、自然物或是人工制造物都有其内涵及其象征。佛教认为：吉祥八物献给佛祖,被佛祖释迦牟尼加持而成为僧俗百姓的吉祥之物,并从此流传于世。吉祥八物图常见于藏族的壁画、建筑装饰纹样,以及经典著作之中。藏族民间僧俗百姓认为,供吉祥八物,能消除一切恶业,兴旺佛之四业,获一切吉祥之无比功德。因此,吉祥八物在圣殿内成为所有供品之王,统称吉祥八物。     

北京市流动老人生活状况研究

20世纪80年代以来,随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,流动人群、流动特征的不断演化,伴生的老年人流动问题越来越引起关注.选取北京市5个社区,1个公园开展的150份有效问卷和30个深度访谈,利用SPSS统计软件进行数据分析,探讨了北京市流动老年人的生活现状,包括其社会经济状况、迁移特征、健康及保健意识、就医情况、家庭结构与家庭关系、社会支持等几方面的特征、趋势与面临的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议及社会工作者介入的方法与途径.     

人本管理--大学图书馆管理的瓶颈

通过对人本管理的认识,结合实践,阐述了人本管理在大学图书馆管理中的应用和 作用。     

Relationship between skeletal muscle contractile properties and power production capacity in female Olympic rugby players

This study aimed to determine which contractile properties measured by tensiomyography (TMG) could better differentiate athletes with high- and low-power values, as well as to analyse the relationship between contractile properties and power production capacity. The contractile properties of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) of an Olympic women’s Rugby Sevens team (n?=?14) were analysed before a Wingate test in which their peak power output (PPO) was determined. Athletes were then divided into a high-power (HP) and a low-power (LP) group. HP presented an almost certainly higher PPO (9.8?±?0.3 vs. 8.9?±?0.4 W kg^?1, ES?=?3.00) than LP, as well as a very likely lower radial displacement (3.39?±?1.16 vs. 5.65?±?1.50?mm, ES?=?1.68) and velocity of deformation (0.08?±?0.02 vs. 0.13?±?0.03 mm ms^?1, ES?=?1.87) of the VL. A likely lower time of delay was observed in HP for all analysed muscles (ES?>?0.60). PPO was very largely related to the radial displacement (r?=??0.75, 90% CI?=??0.90 to ?0.44) and velocity of deformation (r?=??0.70, 90% CI?=??0.87 to ?0.34) of the VL. A large correlation was found between PPO and the time of delay of the VL (r?=??0.61, 90% CI?=??0.84 to ?0.22). No correlations were found for the contractile properties of RF or VM. These results highlight the importance of VL contractile properties (but not so much those of RF and VM) for maximal power production and suggest TMG as a practical technique for its evaluation.     

Women show similar central and peripheral fatigue to men after half-marathon*

Women are known to be less fatigable than men in single-joint exercises, but fatigue induced by running has not been well understood. Here we investigated sex differences in central and peripheral fatigue and in rate of force development (RFD) in the knee extensors after a half-marathon run. Ten male and eight female amateur runners (aged 25–50 years) were evaluated before and immediately after a half-marathon race. Knee extensors forces were obtained under voluntary and electrically evoked isometric contractions. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) force and peak RFD were recorded. Electrically doublet stimuli were delivered during the MVC and at rest to calculate the level of voluntary activation and the resting doublet twitch. After the race, decreases in MVC force (males: ?11%, effect size [ES] 0.52; females: ?11% ES 0.33), voluntary activation (males: ?6%, ES 0.87; females: ?4%, ES 0.72), and resting doublet twitch (males: ?6%, ES 0.34; females: ?8%, ES 0.30) were found to be similar between males and females. The decrease in peak RFD was found to be similar between males and females (males: ?14%, ES 0.43; females: ?15%, ES 0.14). Half-marathon run induced both central and peripheral fatigue, without any difference between men and women. The maximal and explosive strength loss was found similar between sexes. Together, these findings do not support the need of sex-specific training interventions to increase the tolerance to neuromuscular fatigue in half-marathoners.