Consolidating properties of Regalrez 1126 and Paraloid B72 applied to wood

This study is aimed at an assessment of the properties of two polymeric products applied to Norway spruce (Picea abies) and White poplar (Populus alba) wood species. It contributes to ongoing research experiments on the consolidating properties of two synthetic resins and their potential synergic action on wood, resulting from their different interaction with the substrate: Paraloid B72 and Regalrez 1126. Experiments were carried out on a series of samples of the two wood varieties. The consolidants were applied alone and one after the other, with one coat of Regalrez and then one of Paraloid. Porosity and variations in pore size distribution were ascertained by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Colorimetric and IR spectroscopic measurements were also taken before and after aging by solar radiation and freeze/thaw cycles, to verify the possible slowing of photodegradation of the treated wood and the consolidating resistance. Results confirm that both products penetrate the wood with a different behaviour. After double treatment with Regalrez + Paraloid, a significant advantage was observed in terms of mechanical resistance and pore size distribution, although no advantages as regards resistance to photo-oxidizing processes or colour changes were observed.     

动态能力理论：源起、评述与研究展望

在对战略管理理论发展历程简要回顾的基础上,通过对现有资源观研究的评估和梳理,确定了动态能力需要解决的关键问题。澄清了动态能力的概念,并识别了反映企业间动态能力共同特性的三个成份因子。构建了一个包括动态能力前因、过程和结果的整合框架的研究模型,总结了三个命题。最后讨论了相关的管理启示。     

Solving the quandary between questionnaire length and response rate in educational research

A controversial issue exists in questionnaire survey techniques as to the relationship between questionnaire length and rate of returns. Questionnaire return rates were, therefore, examined under the following six controlled methodological conditions: (1) a large random sample, 1,650; (2) no follow-up procedures; (3) same type of mailout procedures and instructions for each questionnaire length; (4) no incentives or high interest factors; (5) same type of questionnaire for each of the three questionnaire lengths; (6) questionnaires of appropriate lengths (1, 3, and 5 pages); and (7) a daily tally of returns kept for each type of questionnaire. There was a difference in the rate of return among the three types of questionnaires when other influences on rate of return were held to a minimum. The variant results between the study and previous studies referred to in the review of literature can be explained by the fact that the controlled conditions were maintained for this study and not for previous studies.     

优秀女子垒球运动员的机能水平

本文探讨了中国女子垒球运动员时机能水平。测试结果如下:CO和SV分别为4.27±0.70L/min和82.4±13.7ml。30″无氧功率的平均值为457.8±56.3W,下降率为49.4±8.99％,运动中最高心率为147.5±11.0次/分,运动后血乳酸水平为9.268±2.059mmol/L,结果提示运动员的无氧能力欠佳。垒球投手的双膝关节肌力的耐力指数均超过70％。 世界水平投手王丽红的心脏功能和膝关节肌力明显优于其他投手,投球臂腕关节的伸/屈肌力比率显著高于其他投手。 国际比赛后的血乳酸水平,投手为1.568±0.397mmol/L,场员进攻得分后为4.290±1.120mmol/L。     

Super-latent inhibition with delayed conditioned taste aversion testing

In three conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats, latent inhibition (LI) was examined as a function of the time interval (1 or 21 days) between the conditioning and the test phases. In Experiments 1 and 2, the effects of US intensity on LI were examined. LI increased in the 21-day condition, as compared with the 1-day condition, with medium and high US intensity, but not with weak US intensity. Groups not preexposed to the CS flavor had similar aversions when testing was conducted 1 day after conditioning, as compared with 21 days. In Experiment 3A, delay-induced super-LI was obtained when the delay was spent in the home cage and the experimental stages took place in a different context (as in Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 3B, when all the stages, including the delay period, were conducted in the home cage, there was no super-LI effect. The modulation of delay-induced super-LI as a function of US intensity and context extinction is discussed in relation to association deficit and retrieval interference theories of LI.     

跨网关整合检索和整合浏览机制

介绍跨网关门户的3个层次,着重分析跨网关整合检索的检索协议、元数据格式和著录标引问题,提出可能的解决机制,并进-步探讨跨网关整合浏览的技术线路和基于分类映射的实现机制.     

Mexican Americans and the push for culturally relevant education: the bilingual education movement in Tucson, 1958–1969

This essay traces the bilingual education movement that began in Tucson through the efforts of local teachers, university faculty and educational leaders. It is argued that Mexican Americans and their allies played a crucial role in promoting the merits of bilingual education at the local, state and national levels. Their advocacy of Spanish-for-Spanish-speakers programmes as a culturally relevant means of improving educational outcomes for Mexican American students led to a push for bilingual education with the support of the National Education Association. The work that educators from Tucson accomplished focused national attention on the education of Mexican Americans and ultimately contributed to the passage of the Bilingual Education Act of 1968. This legislation sparked a national movement to expand bilingual education programmes throughout the Southwest and other parts of the nation.     

Social Justice Education in a Diverse Classroom: Examining High School Discussions about Race,Power, and Privilege

High school students who participate in social justice education have a greater awareness of inequities that impact their school, community, and society, and learn tools for taking action to address these inequities. Also, a classroom that consist of students with a diverse set of identities creates an ideal circumstance in which a teacher can build upon student differences in order to facilitate meaningful discussions about social justice, especially issues of race. Therefore, in this article we use qualitative case study approaches to examine a high school course on social justice education, paying specific attention to the classroom pedagogy and dialogue on issues of race, power, and privilege. The course was purposefully diverse in enrollment, which brought students together who might not have had interactions with each other prior to the class. We employ Hackman's (2005) five components of social justice education (SJE) as a framework for the analysis of the pedagogy and discussions constructed in the classroom, as well as a common language for what constitutes as social justice education in our research inquiry. Students in the course developed a facility for defining and identifying various forms of oppression and injustice. However, we questioned to what extent these very same issues played out in the class dialogue. Due to the level of student diversity, the course was a unique space to learn about racism and intersecting issues of social justice. However, there was still some student resistance to acknowledging certain aspects of racism. In conclusion, we discuss how social justice education is not absolved from, but rife with complex racial politics.     

Energy cost and kinematics of level,uphill and downhill running: fatigue-induced changes after a mountain ultramarathon

This study aimed to determine whether the fatigue induced by a mountain ultramarathon (MUM) led to changes in energy cost and kinematic during level and graded running. Pre- and post-race, 14 ultratrail runners ran on a level, uphill (5%) and downhill (5%) treadmill at 10 km · h^?1. Kinematic data were acquired using a photocell system. Post-race, the downhill energy cost increased by 13.1% (P < 0.001). No change was noted in level and uphill running. Duty factor and stride frequency were increased, whereas swing time, cycle time and stride length were decreased in all conditions (P < 0.05). Contact time was increased and the rate of force generation was decreased only in the uphill and downhill conditions (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between performance time and the pre- to post-changes in the energy cost of level (r = 0.52, P = 0.04) and uphill running (r = 0.50, P = 0.04). MUM-induced fatigue resulted in physiological and spatiotemporal changes, though the response to fatigue varied considerably between running conditions. These changes resulted in a significant increment only in the downhill energy cost. Incorporating downhill locomotion in the training programmes of ultratrailers may help to improve performance-related physiological and biomechanical parameters.