第九届全运会女子100m栏铜牌得主曾小玲的赛前训练控制

赛前训练控制是运动员在比赛中取得好成绩的关键环节之一 ,对第九届全国运动会女子10 0m栏铜牌获得者曾小玲的赛前训练控制进行探讨。根据个人特点 ,采用大赛前六周训练控制 ,赛前安排时间较长 ,减少运动量 ,降低专项强度 ,大幅度减少机体总的负荷量 ,结果在 2 0 0 1年第九届全运会上跑出了 12″91的好成绩 ,一年时间提高 0 .5 6s ,取得女子 10 0m栏季军。     

对制订高校科技发展规划若干问题的初步探讨

本文对高校科研工作的地位、作用与基本特点和制订高校发展规划的基本原则、程序与方法以及应注意的问题进行了初步的探讨．     

Decentralization of higher education and its implications for educational autonomy in Taiwan

This article primarily aims to investigate the effects of decentralization on educational autonomy in Taiwan through historical and documentary analysis. To draw an analytical framework, it begins with a brief examination of the concept of autonomy. This is followed by an examination of how decentralization has influenced the state-institution-individual relationship in Taiwan's higher education by using a three-level hierarchical model. After analyzing decentralization as empowering practices, it argues that the emergence of a performativity culture has generated an antinomy of the decentralization reforms, in which decentralization has formed a new ecology of education administration in Taiwan on the one hand, and simultaneously has brought the issue of bureaucratization in education on the other.     

Syntactic skills in sentence reading comprehension among Chinese elementary school children

The present study examined the role of syntactic skills for reading comprehension in Chinese. Two hundred and seventy-two Chinese children were tested on their phonological processing, orthographic, morphological, syntactic, and literacy skills at Grades 1 and 2. Hierarchical multiple regression results showed that syntactic skills, in terms of word order, connective usage, and knowledge of morphosyntactic structure (measured by an oral cloze task) in Grade 1, significantly predicted sentence reading comprehension in Grade 2 after controlling for the children’s age, IQ, and word level reading-related cognitive skills in Grade 1, and word reading in Grade 2. As in alphabetic languages, syntactic skills are essential for reading comprehension in Chinese. The unique roles of individual syntactic skills for understanding sentences in Chinese are discussed.     

Prospective elementary teachers’ knowledge of fraction division

Prospective elementary teachers must understand fraction division deeply in order to meaningfully teach this topic to their future students. This paper explores the nature of the subject content knowledge of fraction division possessed by a group of Taiwanese prospective elementary teachers at the beginning of their mathematics methods course. The findings provide preliminary evidence that many prospective Taiwanese elementary teachers have developed the knowledge package of fraction division as described by Ma (Knowing and teaching elementary mathematics: Teachers?? understanding of fundamental mathematics in China and the United States. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, 1999). The nature of various strategies used by these teachers provides further illustration of a secure common content knowledge that can serve as a benchmark for the development of mathematics courses for prospective teachers. However, the findings also show that the tasks of representing fraction division, through either word problems or pictorial diagrams, are challenging even for those highly proficient in elementary and middle school mathematics. The broader implications of this research for the international community are discussed, and recommendations for elementary teacher education programs are presented.     

Reflections on internationalisation of higher education in Taiwan: perspectives and prospects

This paper aims to investigate the possible framework for encouraging the presence of local dimensions in an internationalised and globally competitive system by using Taiwan’s higher education system as a case. It begins by discussing the notion of internationalisation and its implications for higher education. It then turns to look at Taiwan’s responses to these global developments. It also reviews different opinions on the position and importance of local dimensions in the world of globalised higher education. Based on these perspectives, the paper advocates promoting the concept of state-building in Taiwan’s as well as in other higher education systems for preserving or even strengthening the local dimensions of individual academic systems operating in the international knowledge network.     

Chaotic synchronization based on neural filter

Because of the high sensitivity of chaotic systems to their initial conditions, synchronization of chaotic systems with uncertain parameters has been a challenging problem especially in noisy environment. Since synchronization of the transmitter and receiver systems involves recursive estimation, recursive nonlinear filters are called for and the extended Kalman (EKF) filter and unscented Kalman (UKF) filter have been applied. However, such suboptimal filters incur high synchronization errors and provide no capacity for uncertain environment, which motivated the use of the neural filter for chaotic synchronization in this paper. The neural filter, which is a recurrent neural network, can approximate the minimum-variance to any degree. Furthermore, the neural filter can adapt to a uncertain environment without online filter weight adjustment, which is computationally efficient. Numerical experiments show that the chaotic synchronization scheme based on the neural filter outperforms those based on EKF and UKF by a large margin.     

In the eyes of the beholder: The effect of participant diversity on perceived merits of collaborative innovations

Technological innovations often involve collaboration among firms from diverse industries. Existing literature has largely viewed participant diversity as a conduit for non-redundant information or complementary resources, thereby affecting the ex-post outcomes of innovation projects. However, it is seldom examined how projects are initially evaluated during the resource competition stage. In this study, we develop a theory of diversity as a cognitive primer, asking how collaborators from diverse backgrounds may affect external reviewers’ ex-ante evaluation of potential merits of an innovation project. We argue that there are two logics at work in the process of evaluating innovations: the logic of technological advancement and the logic of market value. When an innovation project involves firms from diverse industries, it may be perceived as having a fuzzier market identity, hence making it less appealing to reviewers who hold with the strong market value logic. However, the penalty associated with participant diversity should be less pronounced among reviewers who hold the technological advancement logic. We also expect the relationship between participant diversity and reviewers’ ratings to be moderated by project novelty and fuzziness of technology category. We find support for our hypotheses with a sample of collaborative innovation projects funded by the Advanced Technology Program of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.     

如梦亦如电:美国近代图书馆业如是观

近代美国图书馆事业发轫于资源共享。全国依仗私人、政府、企业机关等的捐赠和资助,在不同的图书馆积累了亿万本图书与其他知识资源。通过优越的检索与传递系统,绝大部分的人民都能利用馆际互借,享用绝大部分的知识宝藏。资讯爆炸促进技术的发展,使资讯共享更为快捷方便而增加使用量。因此由于供求的循环冲击,并受到社会的公信,美国图书馆业将继续迈进。以后的专业高峰,不限于势在必行的“数字图书馆”,也应该是还没有受到充分注意而万分重要的“资讯启蒙”。在资源共享的范畴上,将趋向全球共享才可以满足个别图书馆的需求。参考文献2。