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81.
Tachibana K Yashiro K Miyazaki J Ikegami Y Higuchi M 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(1):44-58
Although it is clear that rowers have a large muscle mass, their distribution of muscle mass and which of the main motions in rowing mediates muscle hypertrophy in each body part are unclear. We examine the relationships between partial motion power in rowing and muscle cross-sectional area of the thigh, lower back, and upper arms. Sixty young rowers (39 males and 21 females) participated in the study. Joint positions and forces were measured by video cameras and rowing ergometer software, respectively. One-dimensional motion analysis was performed to calculate the power of leg drive, trunk swing, and arm pull motions. Muscle cross-sectional areas were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to determine the association of different muscle cross-sectional areas with partial motion power. The anterior thigh best explained the power demonstrated by leg drive (r2 = 0.508), the posterior thigh and lower back combined best explained the power demonstrated by the trunk swing (r2 = 0.493), and the elbow extensors best explained the power demonstrated by the arm pull (r2 = 0.195). Other correlations, such as arm muscles with leg drive power (r2 = 0.424) and anterior thigh with trunk swing power (r2 = 0.33 5), were also significant. All muscle cross-sectional areas were associated with rowing performance either through the production of power or by transmitting work. The results imply that rowing motion requires a well-balanced distribution of muscle mass throughout the body. 相似文献
82.
Fortenbaugh D Butcher-Mokha M 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(1):2-16
The aim of this study was to provide an in-depth analysis of the pick-off play in baseball. Ten collegiate left-handed pitchers and nine base-runners participated in this study. The pitchers were videotaped with four cameras to derive three-dimensional data while performing deliveries in the directions of first base and home plate in a laboratory setting. Deliveries were performed from flat ground. Differences between these deliveries were measured through ten selected joint and segment angles. The base-runners completed two distinct procedures in which they viewed video footage of left-handed pitchers and estimated the intended delivery direction. Base-runners were subsequently interviewed to determine the reasoning behind their decisions. The pitchers' data revealed differences between delivery types in nearly all of the selected angles (P < 0.01). The base-runners' data demonstrated that their ability to discriminate delivery types improved when allowed more viewing time per trial (P < 0.01). Additionally, commonalities exist among the base-runners' focal points on the pitcher while making decisions regarding delivery direction and the kinematic differences between deliveries in left-handed pitchers. The practical significance of these results, however, may be more difficult to interpret. 相似文献
83.
Kerry S. Courney Laura Q. Rogers Kristin L. Campbell Jeff K. Vallance Christine M. Friedenreich 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(2):40-48
摘要:今天的美国有1 400万的癌症存活者,其中的很多存活者中都接受了多种治疗,包括手术、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗等。这些治疗能够延长生存时间,但同时也会带来很多急慢性的副作用,危害健康,影响生活质量。体力活动(PA)与癌症生存这一领域发展迅速,主要研究PA对癌症患者的影响。基于该领域的研究进展,提出了以下10大研究问题:1)PA能够降低癌症复发风险、和/或提高存活吗?2)PA能够影响癌症治疗决策、完成率、和/或患者对治疗的反应吗?3)癌症存活者的最佳运动处方是什么?4)静坐少动行为对癌症存活者有何影响?5)癌症存活者最有效的体力活动干预方案是什么?6)哪些癌症会影响病人对PA的反应?7)癌症存活者进行体力活动时需要注意的安全问题有哪些?8)哪些具体的癌症症状可以由PA解决?9)对于癌症晚期患者,体力活动还有何作用?10)如何将体力活动研究结果转化到临床和社区肿瘤实践中来?上述问题的回答至关重要,这不仅关系到体力活动和癌症存活这一研究领域的发展,更重要的是,能够为每年数百万新诊断为癌症的病人、正在接受癌症治疗的病人、治疗结束处于恢复中的病人或是那些正在与晚期癌症抗争的病人带来福音。 相似文献
84.
85.
We compare and contrast the materials and mechanisms of continental crustal growth in the largest preserved regions of Phanerozoic and Archean juvenile additions to the crust,to test for similarities or differences in the formation of continents through time.We accomplish this through a comparison of map patterns,lithological contents,and structural and metamorphic evolution of the Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic system of Asia,with the Archean Superior Province of the North American Craton,using a ... 相似文献
86.
Wenbo Chen Kyra L.A.Cloosterman Sita M.A.Bierma-Zeinstra Marienke van Middelkoop Robert-Jan de Vos 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2024,(2):256-263
Background:Achilles tendinopathy(AT) is a common problem among runners.There is only limited evidence for risk factors for AT,and most studies have not defined the AT subcategories.No study has compared the incidence and risk factors between insertional AT and midportion AT,though they are considered distinct.This study aimed to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from a large prospective cohort.The secondary aim was to explore differences in risk factors between insertional an... 相似文献
87.
88.
我是喜欢研究职业教育的人,却並不是職業教育的专家,我向來對於职业教育也很懷疑,對於職業学校尤其怀疑。不過我所懷疑的,是職業教育和職業學校在中國何以不能显出效能,不是懷疑職業教育和职業學校的本身,職業教育在教育史上的年代,原來很短,就是最發達的德国,美國,提倡的時期,距今也還不遠,他們也有許多問題,不能得到圓满的解決,正怪不得我們中國還在‘議論紛紜,莫衷一是’ 相似文献
89.
Cadore E Lhullier F Brentano M Silva E Ambrosini M Spinelli R Silva R Kruel L 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(10):1067-1072
The aim of present study was to examine the relationships between serum and salivary values of free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and cortisol before and after a session of resistance exercise. Twenty-eight healthy men (mean age 40 years, s = 4) participated in the present study. Serum and salivary samples were collected at rest and after a multiple-sets resistance exercise protocol, of approximately 25 minutes duration. Concentrations of free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and cortisol were measured using radioimmunoassay kits. No significant correlation was observed between serum free testosterone and salivary testosterone (r = 0.22 to 0.26, P > 0.05). Serum cortisol was significantly correlated with salivary cortisol before (r = 0.52, P = 0.005) and after (r = 0.62, P = 0.001) the exercise protocol. Serum and salivary concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone were significantly correlated before (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and after (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) exercise. The results of the present study suggest that even under exercise conditions, the salivary values of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone can reflect the behaviour of these hormones in blood. However, further studies are necessary to verify if salivary testosterone reflects the behaviour of serum free testosterone during resistance exercise. 相似文献
90.
Vlachopoulos SP Kaperoni M Moustaka FC Anderson DF 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(3):283-299
The present study reported on translating the Exercise Identity Scale (EIS: Anderson & Cychosz, 1994) into Greek and examining its psychometric properties and cross-cultural validity based on U.S. individuals' EIS responses. Using four samples comprising 33, 103, and 647 Greek individuals, including exercisers and nonexercisers, and a similar sample comprising 800 U.S. individuals, the concurrent validity, factor structure, internal reliability, test-retest reliability, external validity, gender invariance, and cross-cultural validity of the EIS responses were examined using confirmatory factor analytical procedures. The results supported the concurrent validity, an adequate unidimensional factor structure for the translated EIS and the internal reliability and test-retest reliability over a 6-week interval. Further, cross-gender configural, partial metric, partial strong factorial, and partial strict factorial invariance and cross-cultural configural and partial metric invariance supported the cross-cultural equivalence of the EIS versions. Moreover, the external validity of the translated EIS responses was also supported. Overall, the findings supported the validity of the exercise identity construct outside North American boundaries and the EIS items' equivalence, providing initial evidence for its cross-cultural applicability. 相似文献