左宝贵与洋务运动

左宝贵(1837年-1894年),字冠廷,山东费县地方人(今平邑县地方镇)人,回族,中日甲午战争前清朝高级陆军将领,官至"建威将军、记名提督、广东高州镇总兵"(清光绪《费县志》)。左宝贵出生于一个贫苦农民家庭,幼年时父母双亡,兄弟三人孤无所依,后背井离乡,到处流浪,     

GaIN (Georgia Interactive Network for Medical Information) study on health professionals' search requests and continuing education needs

Health sciences librarians are being called upon to be more proactive in their institutions' continuing education efforts. In an effort to identify whether search requests indicated CE needs, a study was conducted by a group of members of GaIN (Georgia Interactive Network for Medical Information). MEDLINE requests from health care professionals for subject specific clinical topics were collected during a six-month period via a standard search request form created for the study. Copies of all completed requests were collected and broad ICD-9 codes assigned to the search topics. Institutional reports were generated for each participating library to share with hospital CE coordinators. They were also compiled for the group as a whole, and reflected the "hottest" topics requested during the study period for physicians and for non-physicians (nurses, allied health, administrators). A survey to hospital librarians and CE educators showed some value in the reports, but greater potential for further collaboration between librarians and CE coordinators.     

铜合金藏品保护的一种新方法

这是一种去除青铜病保护古代铜器和铜合金物品的新方法。有机化合物2—胺基—5—巯基—1,3,4—噻重氮是优良的铜器缓蚀剂,它可以完全除去青铜病,并在金属表面形成一层保护性的多聚络合物,防止腐蚀继续发展。     

语言学习与计算机

S·佩帕特在他的著作“精神风暴”(1980)一书的序中提到一些问题:使用技术来做我们通常所做的工作,如用电子机器代替普通手册,进行更多的操练和实践活动,由指导老师传播信息进行联机考试等,是不是仅仅为了提高效率而已?这些问题都     

The effect of single and repeated bouts of prolonged cycling and circadian variation on saliva flow rate, immunoglobulin A and alpha-amylase responses

The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of exercise at different times of day on saliva flow rate, immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration and secretion rate, and alpha-amylase activity, and to establish how these parameters change following a second exercise bout performed on the same day. In a counterbalanced design, eight male volunteers participated in three experimental trials separated by at least 4 days. On the trial with afternoon exercise only, the participants cycled for 2 h at 60% VO2max starting at 14:00 h. On the other two trials, participants performed either two bouts of exercise at 60% VO2max for 2 h (the first started at 09:00 h and the second started at 14:00 h) or a separate resting trial. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained 10 min before exercise, after 58 - 60 min and during the last 2 min of exercise, and at 1 h and 2 h after exercise. Venous blood samples were taken 5 min before exercise and immediately after exercise for both bouts. Participants remained fasted between 23:00 h on the day before the trials and 18:00 h on the day of the trial. Circadian variations were found in sIgA concentration, which decreased with time from its highest value in the early morning to its lowest value in the evening, and salivary alpha-amylase secretion rate, which increased from its lowest value in the morning to its highest value in the late afternoon. Cycling at 60% VO2max for 2 h significantly decreased saliva flow rate, increased sIgA concentration and alpha-amylase activity, but did not influence sIgA secretion rate. Performing prolonged cycling at different times of day did not differentially affect the salivary and plasma hormonal responses in the short term. Performance of a second prolonged exercise bout elicited a greater plasma stress hormone response but did not appear to compromise oral immunity acutely. These findings also suggest that, in terms of saliva secretion, sIgA and alpha-amylase responses, a 3 h rest is enough to recover from previous strenuous exercise. During such exercise, sympathetic stimulation appears to be strong enough to inhibit saliva flow rate; however, it appears that it does not increase sIgA output via transcytosis.     

Changing the environment to promote health-enhancing physical activity

Supportive environments have been used to change and influence health behaviours like smoking. While psychological and ecological theories and models demonstrate the possible influences of the environment on health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA), little is known about the effectiveness of the environmental interventions. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of studies that used environmental interventions to increase health-enhancing physical activity. Two groups of studies were found, studies that changed the physical environment by creating new HEPA facilities, policies and supporting mechanisms, and studies that used the elements of the environment as an active or sedentary 'point of choice', via educational materials to promote stair use. Environmental change studies showed a small increase on HEPA behaviour, but the relative impact of environment changes was not evaluated. A number of before and after studies have observed a weak effect of a simple environmental change to stimulate stair climbing while travelling or shopping. Current national policy has embraced the environment as an option for promoting health-enhancing physical activity, especially active travel, in spite of the lack of effectiveness data. It is recommended that existing or planned public health environment and HEPA initiatives should use appropriate evaluation methods to assess their efficacy and effectiveness. Further developmental research into the nature of the relationship of the environment to particular HEPA behaviours is strongly recommended before developing new environmental interventions.     

Library service delivery via hand-held computers--the right information at the point of care

Today's health and medical librarians are well aware of the move towards evidence-based clinical practice which has emerged during the past decade. Hand-in-hand with this trend is the need for health practitioners to have access to the best possible evidence to help them in their clinical decision making. Libraries have a key role in the provision of information to their clients, and this means keeping abreast, not only of the various information sources available, but also the means by which those sources may be used. This paper will examine the effects that the hand-held computer is having on the work practices of our clients-library users. It is hoped that the paper will give an insight into the various types of library material which are suitable for use with hand-held devices, and an understanding of their advantages and limitations.     

'To each according to his needs': public libraries and socially excluded people

To deliver a comprehensive and efficient service to all the community, public libraries must first identify needs and allocate an appropriate level of resources. This article focuses on public libraries in England. It outlines: the Government's policy on social inclusion; the needs of the various socially excluded groups; partnerships and funding; staff training and motivation; and examples of good practice.     

Analysis of postural stability in collegiate soccer players before and after an acute bout of heading multiple soccer balls

The aim of our study was to determine if any immediate changes in balance were discernable in college soccer players after a specially designed heading session. Eight male and two female skilled collegiate soccer players had a baseline balance pre-test using the Balance Master, followed by heading 20 balls kicked consecutively by a teammate from the touchline to a point near the goal, which was followed by a post-test using the same testing technique. Paired t-tests were used to compare balance ability between pre- and post-test conditions. There was no difference in balance pre- to post-test (85.3% and 86.2% respectively). No significant difference was noted from pre- to post-test in the mean equilibrium scores for conditions three through six on the Sensory Organization Test, with the exception of condition four, which revealed a significant increase from pre- to post-test. We concluded that an acute session of heading soccer balls may not result in balance changes in collegiate soccer players.