如临深渊

６５０年前，那妖魔来了！在印第安的土地上！酋长闻到了浓烈的烟味，他尖叫着：“离开！快离开！往深山里跑啊！”所有的人都开始行动，人们看到草地在移动，空气中弥漫着焦味，大家只有用尽力气远离这个妖魔，因为没有什么武器可以抵御它！突然，妖魔捅破了地面，酋长知道自己根本不是它的对手，但他还是用长矛抵抗着，他要为他的族人留下宝贵的时间！渐渐地，酋长消失了……等到妖魔饱餐以后，回过头再寻找的时候，它才意识到，所有的人都已经远离了它的视线！酋长用自己的生命，为大家赢得了时间。妖魔狂叫着，异常愤怒！它抱怨自己太心…     

高校本科分析化学教学改革刍议

鉴于目前高校化学专业中分析化学理论教学现状,分析化学教学改革的改革势在必行:理论教学必须拓宽基础,扩大知识面,在分析——综合的杠杆上着重向综合的一头寻找新的平衡点;充分利用网络和多媒体的丰富资源增加学生的各种有益的体验,学生会产生强烈的学习兴趣和动机;转变教学方式,树立“以学为本,为学服务“的教学新理念,做学生高效学习和健康成长的引导者和帮助者.     

男孩和女孩不一样想法——大脑活动的差异

男孩和女孩在思维方面不尽相同。近日关于大脑活动的研究成果,证实这一论点是无可置疑的,再去否定它就不实事求是了。男女在社会中的平等,应该以承认这种大脑活动的差异为依据。目前,学校教育和一些测验都从不同的方面作出与男孩和女孩的实际情况相径庭的判断,对父母和教师已观察到的差异,视若无睹。在初级学校的教室里,男孩子在受罪,而那里,     

Sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence among Nicaraguan men and women: a population-based anonymous survey

AIMS: The objective was to describe experiences of sexual abuse occurring before 19 years of age among men and women in León, Nicaragua and to explore the possible association to later sexual risk behavior. METHOD: A sub-sample of literate urban men and women 25-44 years of age was selected from a representative sample of households in León. After an invitation to a public health event, 154 men (53% of the invited) and 213 women (66% of those invited) participated in giving written answers to an anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: Twenty percent of men and 26% of women reported that they had experienced sexual abuse. Women had been victims of attempted or completed rape twice as often as men, 15% as compared to 7%. Thirty-three percent of the abuse towards boys and 66% of the abuse towards girls was committed by family members. Women who had experienced attempted or completed rape were more likely to later have had a higher number of sexual partners compared to non-abused or moderately abused women. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual abuse of children and adolescents of both sexes is common in Nicaragua. The results underscore the urgent need to address this serious problem more openly, and to make more resources available for the prevention of sexual abuse and for support to victims.     

Children's recall of medical experiences: the impact of stress

OBJECTIVE: The study compared children's reports of two medical events, to assess the effects of the type of event on children's recall. Additionally, the study examined the effect of props on children's event reports. METHOD: Twenty children between the ages of 37 and 67 months were interviewed following either a voiding cysto-urethrogram (VCUG) or a pediatric assessment (PA) at a hospital. Interviews were conducted between 6 and 8 days after the event and included a doll and prop items. RESULTS: Ratings of stress were significantly higher for children who underwent the VCUG than those who underwent the PA. Children who experienced the VCUG procedure reported more correct information than the children who experienced the PA. Age was correlated with the total amount of correct information reported. Stress levels were correlated with both errors and accuracy of information. CONCLUSIONS: Children who experienced a stressful medical procedure remembered more than children who experienced a neutral medical event, although this increase in amount recalled was at the expense of accuracy. These findings suggest that stress impacts negatively on recall: however, the unique and structured nature of the VCUG procedure compared to the PA, and the familiarity of the PA prop items to the children who experienced the VCUG procedure, may also have contributed to differences in recall of the two events.     

What progress has been made in meeting the needs of seriously maltreated children? The course of 200 cases through the Boston Juvenile Court

OBJECTIVES: The study examined child, parent, and case characteristics in a sample of 200 cases of serious child maltreatment brought before the Boston Juvenile Court (BJC) on Care and Protection petitions in 1994. Whether recent changes in Massachusetts law have been effective in reducing delays in adjudication and helping children achieve permanent placements more quickly was also examined. METHOD: Data were abstracted from court records by the research team. The 200 cases were followed prospectively for 4 years. Retrospective data on the families' previous involvement with the protective service system were also abstracted from the records. Data from the 1994 cases were compared to that obtained from a sample of cases brought before the BJC in 1985-1986. RESULTS: Children permanently removed from parental custody in the 1994 sample required less time post-disposition to achieve permanent placements. However, overall, time frames for the 1994 cases remained remarkably similar to those in 1985-1986: children were in the protective service system an average of 5 years; cases required an average of 1.6 years in court; and half of the children permanently removed from parental custody were still in "temporary" foster care at 4-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although some improvements have occurred since 1985-1986, the system still fails to meet the needs of seriously maltreated children to achieve permanent placements promptly. The implications of the findings for system reform are discussed.     

Central auditory processing ability in children with ADHD with and without learning disabilities

A few studies have shown more central auditory processing deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than in nondisabled children. Because these studies failed to screen participants with ADHD for learning disabilities (LD), it is not clear whether these deficits are correlates of ADHD or LD or both. In the present study, the central auditory processing ability of children with ADHD, ADHD with LD, and no disabilities was examined. Results indicated lower central auditory processing ability, and significant correlations between reading and ADHD symptoms and reading and central auditory processing ability in the ADHD with LD group compared with the other two groups. These findings suggest that central auditory processing deficits are more likely to be associated with LD than ADHD.     

Victimization and problems of behavior. Two components of profile types of runaway adolescents

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the relationship between two explanatory factors connected to the phenomena of runaways and the homeless among adolescents: behavioral problems of youths and parental violence to which they are subjected. The study demonstrates that these two factors are independently related to the different categories of homeless and runaway adolescents. METHODOLOGY: The data was collected from 130 adolescents (12 to 17 years of age) who were runaways for short periods on a recurring basis. Two subgroups were formed: Group A consisted of 79 adolescents who did not exhibit behavioral problems; Group B consisted of the other 51 who did exhibit them. The two groups had certain similar family characteristics (income levels, parents' occupations, structure and stability of the family). RESULTS: The bivariate analyses reveal significant differences between the two groups of runaways relating to: (1) gender, (2) a diagnosed conduct disorder, (3) affiliations with deviant peers, and (4) experiences of parental violence. The discriminant analysis demonstrates that these four variables clearly differentiate the two groups of runaways and predict the appropriate group membership for 84% of the cases. Therefore, the members of Group B have a higher probability of being diagnosed as having a conduct disorder, being male, and associating with delinquent peers. This group had not experienced a higher level of parental violence. The opposite is true for the members of Group A. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that parental violence and behavioral problems are variables that are independently related to the defined categories of runaways. Therefore, these variables do not constitute, as some thinkers have claimed, the components of a unique dynamic able to explain the phenomenon of the runaway. Our results vitiate the doubts sometimes expressed by researchers about the importance of parental violence to the phenomenon of adolescent runaways.     

博物馆之夜

战争令牌转瞬间,汉堡包和土豆条在嘴里味同嚼蜡。远处的赫兹劳鲍特里仿佛在龇牙咧嘴地狞〔nínɡ〕笑。几个阿兹特克人打开了笼子。“他们现在就要动手吗?”我问。“现在不,所有的程序都必须尽善尽美。”瓦尔迪兹回答,“你们得穿戴得体面点。”“嗨!这是我最棒的牛仔裤了,衬衣也是最好的。”贾森说。瓦尔迪兹不理他。最后我们都爬出了笼子。“事实上你们该以此为荣。”瓦尔迪兹说,“许多被献祭的阿兹特克人都是自愿地高高兴兴地奉献自己,因为他们所想的全是世界那一头等待着他们的事情。”“我可不想有此荣幸。”贾尼丝说。瓦尔迪兹翻翻眼珠…