The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children's resiliency and adjustment

The unique relations of effortful control and impulsivity to resiliency and adjustment were examined when children were 4.5 to 8 years old, and 2 years later. Parents and teachers reported on all constructs and children's attentional persistence was observed. In concurrent structural equation models, effortful control and impulsivity uniquely and directly predicted resiliency and externalizing problems and indirectly predicted internalizing problems (through resiliency). Teacher-reported anger moderated the relations of effortful control and impulsivity to externalizing problems. In the longitudinal model, all relations held at T2 except for the path from impulsivity to externalizing problems. Evidence of bidirectional effects also was obtained. The results indicate that effortful control and impulsivity are distinct constructs with some unique prediction of resiliency and adjustment.     

Influence of surface treatments on fatigue life of a two-stroke free piston linear engine component using random loading

INTRODUCTION Fatigue durability has long been important issues in the design of a two-stroke free piston linear engine structure (Torres and Voorwald, 2002; Rahman et al., 2005a; 2005b). Durability assessment is traditionally done in the later part of the product development stage when prototypes are available, and heavily re- lied on in confirming ground durability tests. This process is very time consuming and often results in over-design with weight penalties, which is the major obsta…     

Organization and use of the mental lexicon by deaf and hearing individuals

Two experiments explored the taxonomic organization of mental lexicons in deaf and hearing college students. Experiment 1 used a single-word association task to examine relations between categories and their members. Results indicated that both groups' lexical knowledge is similar in terms of overall organization, with associations between category names and exemplars stronger for hearing students; only the deaf students showed asymmetrical exemplar-category relations. Experiment 2 used verbal analogies to explore the application of taxonomic knowledge in an academically relevant task. Significant differences between deaf and hearing students were obtained for six types of analogies, although deaf students who were better readers displayed response patterns more like hearing students'. Hearing students' responses reflected their lexical organization; deaf students' did not. These findings implicate the interaction of word knowledge, world knowledge, and literacy skills, emphasizing the need to adapt instructional methods to student knowledge in educational contexts.     

"Do I need to know this for the exam?" Using popular media, inquiry-based laboratories, and a community of scientific practice to motivate students to learn developmental biology

One of the greatest challenges instructors face is getting students to connect with the subject in a manner that encourages them to learn. In this essay, we describe the redesign of our Developmental Biology course to foster a deeper connection between students and the field of developmental biology. In our approach, we created a community of scientific practice focused on the investigation of environmental impacts on embryonic development and informed by popular and scientific media, the students' own questions, and the instructor. Our goals were to engage students in meaningful ways with the material, to develop students' science process skills, and to enhance students' understanding of broad principles of developmental biology. Though significant challenges arose during implementation, assessments indicate using this approach to teach undergraduate developmental biology was successful.     

如临深渊

６５０年前，那妖魔来了！在印第安的土地上！酋长闻到了浓烈的烟味，他尖叫着：“离开！快离开！往深山里跑啊！”所有的人都开始行动，人们看到草地在移动，空气中弥漫着焦味，大家只有用尽力气远离这个妖魔，因为没有什么武器可以抵御它！突然，妖魔捅破了地面，酋长知道自己根本不是它的对手，但他还是用长矛抵抗着，他要为他的族人留下宝贵的时间！渐渐地，酋长消失了……等到妖魔饱餐以后，回过头再寻找的时候，它才意识到，所有的人都已经远离了它的视线！酋长用自己的生命，为大家赢得了时间。妖魔狂叫着，异常愤怒！它抱怨自己太心…     

Deaf and hard of hearing students' performance on arithmetic word problems

There has been limited research into the intersection of language and arithmetic performance of students who are deaf or hard of hearing, although previous research has shown that many of these students are delayed in both language acquisition and arithmetic performance. The researchers examined the performance on arithmetic word problems of deaf and hard of hearing students in the South-East Queensland region of Australia; they also examined these students' problem-solving strategies. It was found that performance on word problems was similar for deaf and hearing students, but that deaf students experienced delays in achieving successful performance on word problems relative to their hearing peers. The results confirm the findings of other studies showing that students who are deaf or hard of hearing experience delayed language acquisition, which affects their capacity to solve arithmetic word problems. The study conclusions stress the need for greater use of direct teaching of analytic and strategic approaches to arithmetic word problems.     

高校本科分析化学教学改革刍议

鉴于目前高校化学专业中分析化学理论教学现状,分析化学教学改革的改革势在必行:理论教学必须拓宽基础,扩大知识面,在分析——综合的杠杆上着重向综合的一头寻找新的平衡点;充分利用网络和多媒体的丰富资源增加学生的各种有益的体验,学生会产生强烈的学习兴趣和动机;转变教学方式,树立“以学为本,为学服务“的教学新理念,做学生高效学习和健康成长的引导者和帮助者.     

男孩和女孩不一样想法——大脑活动的差异

男孩和女孩在思维方面不尽相同。近日关于大脑活动的研究成果,证实这一论点是无可置疑的,再去否定它就不实事求是了。男女在社会中的平等,应该以承认这种大脑活动的差异为依据。目前,学校教育和一些测验都从不同的方面作出与男孩和女孩的实际情况相径庭的判断,对父母和教师已观察到的差异,视若无睹。在初级学校的教室里,男孩子在受罪,而那里,