Shielding yourself from the perils of empathy: the case of sign language interpreters

Cross-cultural exchanges between deaf and hearing persons are replete with unintentional misunderstandings and even purposeful acts of oppression. Sign language interpreters routinely bear witness to the negative emotional fallout of these dynamics on the Deaf consumer. It is largely inevitable-a psychological reflex-to experience some degree of empathic pain. One must achieve a healthy balance of empathizing enough while shielding oneself from its perils. I describe the psychological effects of juxtaposed extremes of affect, projective identification, and the dual nature of empathy.     

MiR172介导的AP2-like转录因子表达对大岩桐花期调控的研究（英文）

目的:本文通过研究microRNA172a(miR172a)对成花途径中关键靶基因APETALA2类(AP2-like)的调控作用及其机理分析,探索通过操纵miRNA表达改变观赏植物花期的基因工程分子育种新策略。创新点:本研究基于植物miR172序列和功能的高度保守性,通过转基因的方法操纵大岩桐miR172的表达,进而影响AP2-like基因的表达,并起到调控花期的作用。方法:本研究借用拟南芥miR172a的已知序列构建组成型过表达载体35S:miR172a和抑制miR172表达的35S:MIM172载体。利用农杆菌介导法成功获得了35S:miR172a过表达株系以及抑制miR172作用的35S:MIM172株系,并利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)克隆得到了大岩桐AP2-likecDNA全序列,并通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应技术(qPCR)检测转基因株系中AP2-like的表达变化。结论:短日照条件下,35S:miR172a过表达株系花期比野生型提前(47.00±2.16)天;35S:MIM172株系花期延迟(7.00±4.28)天。在35S:miR172a过表达株系中miR172的表达水平明显上升,其靶基因SsAP2-like的表达量明显下降;35S:MIM172株系中miR172的积累水平受到抑制,而SsAP2-like的表达量明显上升,表明miR172介导调控SsAP2的表达对大岩桐成花转变具有促进作用。通过改变miR172的表达调控关键靶基因进而改变花期的方法可以作为调节观赏植物开花时间的有效策略。     

Crustal Flows beneath the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Magnetotelluric Observations

The ongoing collision of the Indian and Asian continents has created the Himalayan and Tibetan plateau through a range of deformation processes that include crustal thickening, delamination, lateral extrusion and crustal flow. A debate continues as to which of these processes are most significant in terms of the overall mass balance of this continent-continent collision. In eastern Tibet GPS data show large-scale motion of the     

Beyond situational ambiguity in peer conflict: unique and combined effects of cues from an antagonist and a best friend

In accord with increasing recognition of the situation specificity of childhood social behaviors, individual and contextual differences in children's responses to potential peer conflict were examined (hostile attribution, behavioral strategies, and affective reactions; N = 367, 9-12 years, 197 girls). Situational cues from 2 sources, the antagonist and a witnessing best friend, were designed to suggest the antagonist's intentions. Multilevel modeling indicated that children's responses generally varied more according to cues from the antagonist than friend, but the latter also affected responses, especially when conflicting with other situational information. Cognitive and affective responses were also influenced by gender, social goals, friendship quality, and self-efficacy for peer interaction. Findings provide theoretical insight on the context of peer conflict.