Beliefs about truth and beliefs about rightness

Children's developing conceptions of what is right or proper are commonly studied without reference to concomitant changes in their understanding of beliefs, just as studies of young people's maturing grasp of the belief entitlement process ordinarily proceed separately from any examination of the value considerations that invest beliefs with meaning. In an effort to reverse these isolationist practices, a case is made for rereading the fact-value dichotomy that currently works to divide the contemporaneous literatures dealing with children's moral reasoning development and their evolving theories of mind. Findings from two research programs, in which children's beliefs about truth and rightness are combined, serve to illustrate the natural interdependence of these moral and epistemic matters.     

Adult outcomes in women who experienced parental violence during childhood

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this work are to analyze the associations between violence suffered at the hands of fathers and mothers in childhood and adolescence and three outcomes in adulthood--having or not having children, marital status, and occupational status--controlling for the possible impact of partner violence. METHOD: This cross-sectional study examined a sample of 510 women, attending various health care and social services facilities in a Northern Italian city. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. RESULTS: Almost one quarter of the respondents reported some kind of abuse by one or both parents, and 18.2% had experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a partner or ex-partner; women abused by parents were more likely to experience partner violence. Irrespective of whether they experienced partner violence, women abused by parents were more likely to be childless, divorced or never married, and in a precarious occupational situation. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first one carried out in Italy on this subject: results largely confirmed the trends found in studies in other countries. However, two of the associations which emerged, namely between parents' abuse and being divorced or never married and between parents' abuse and being childless, are worth noting, since they could be interpreted as failures or, on the contrary, as active and positive choices made by abused women in a difficult context. Qualitative data from case histories provided insights into the violence some women have suffered and its consequences, but also into women's great resilience and strengths.     

谈接受美学对文学教育的启示

文学理论与文学教育的关系十分紧密,它是文学教育的理论依据,运用文学理论知识,可以帮助我们更好地理解文学、欣赏文学,在理解、欣赏中实现既定的语文学习目标.事实上,我们也根本不可能脱离文学理论来进行文学教学.文学教育中,对作品的主题、结构、风格、形象等的分析都是吸收了文学理论的相关知识.     

Adolescent Work, Vocational Development, and Education

This review examines contemporary issues in vocational development with emphasis on adolescents' work experiences in social context. Attention is directed to the changing social and cultural context for vocational development, the influence of work experience on adolescent development and educational achievement, and theoretical approaches that guide contemporary studies of vocational development and career maturity. In light of the utility of current theories, new directions are suggested to enhance understanding of adolescent employment, vocational development, and educational pursuits. Social policy initiatives to promote adolescents' exercise of agency and their vocational development are considered.     

Temperament,tympanum, and temperature: four provisional studies of the biobehavioral correlates of tympanic membrane temperature asymmetries

Previous research in both humans and nonhuman primates suggests that subtle asymmetries in tympanic membrane (TM) temperatures may be related to aspects of cognition and socioaffective behavior. Such associations could plausibly reflect lateralities in cerebral blood flow that support side-to-side differences in regional cortical activation. Asymmetries in activation of the left and right frontal cortex, for example, are correlates of temperamental differences in child behavior and markers of risk status for affective and anxiety disorders. Tympanic membrane temperatures might thus reflect the neural asymmetries that subserve individual differences in temperament and behavior. This report merged findings from four geographically and demographically distinctive studies, which utilized identical thermometry methods to examine associations between TM temperature asymmetries and biobehavioral attributes of 4- to 8-year-old children (N = 468). The four studies produced shared patterns of associations that linked TM temperature lateralities to individual differences in behavior and socioaffective difficulties. Warmer left TMs were associated with "surgent," affectively positive behaviors, whereas warmer right TMs were related to problematic, affectively negative behaviors. Taken together, these findings suggest that asymmetries in TM temperatures could be associated with behavior problems that signal risk for developmental psychopathology.     

校园一卡通如何"管""用"

"一卡在手,走遍校园".这几年,作为"数字校园"系统的一部分,校园一卡通系统成为各个高校积极开发的项目.原因是多方面的,其中最主要的是因为校园卡能够为全校师生服务,让他们的工作、学习和生活更便利.     

Severo Ochoa and the biomedical sciences in Spain under Franco, 1959-1975

The influence of Severo Ochoa in the establishment of biochemistry and molecular biology in Spain is the central topic of this essay. From the time he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1959, Ochoa's links with Spanish scientists and top authorities in education and science became instrumental to the development of these areas in the country of his birth. Ochoa's influence is analyzed through investigation of three "events": the reception of the award in Spain and some of its immediate consequences; his role in the VIth Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies, held in Madrid in 1969; and the international scientific symposium, held in Madrid and Barcelona, that celebrated his seventieth birthday in 1975. After an account of Ochoa's biography up to 1959, analysis of these events shows that Ochoa's influence cannot be understood without taking into account the political and scientific context of its reception.     

谁拿走了你的快乐--谈谈影响教师心理健康的因素

儿子五岁,每天从幼儿园回家我都要习惯性地问一句：“你今天快乐吗？”他总是脆生生地回答：“很快乐!”很快乐,真好,如果问问自己,今天你快乐吗？也许我会有些迟疑,我不能确定是否快乐,因为单纯的快乐的感觉似乎随着年龄的增长,随着家庭、社会责任的增加而渐行渐远……是谁,悄悄地拿走了我的快乐？     

“数字民大”十年

从20世纪末的经费不足和人才缺乏,到2009年被评为＂北京市教育信息化工作先进单位＂,中央民族大学在信息化建设方面走过扎实而稳健的十年。