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101.
Parul Goel Nidhi Gupta Surjit Singh Ashish Bhalla Navneet Sharma K. D. Gill 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(1):34-39
Oximes such as pralidoxime chloride reactivate acetylcholinesterase. However their role in management of organophosphate poisoning
is controversial. The study was carried out to find effectiveness of pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) in regenerating red cell
acetyl cholinesterase in first 24 h following administration of it in dose recommended by WHO. Eight patients with OPP [chlorpyriphos
(3), phorate (3), dichlorvos (1) and monocrotophos (1) who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion were investigated. In addition
to decontamination and atropine, all these patients were administered 30 mg/kg body wt of 2-PAM as bolus dose followed by
7.5 mg/kg body wt/h with maximum dose being 500 mg/h as continuous infusion till first 24 h. Red cell AChE activity was estimated
every 15 min for first 4 h, one hourly for next 4 h and then 2 hourly till 24 h and subsequently without 2-PAM every 12 h
till 7 days or discharge or death which ever earlier. In all the patients maximum increase in activity was observed in first
4 h following which rise was very slow despite continued 2-PAM infusion and reaching a steady state in 20 h in all the cases.
The increase in red cell AChE activity observed in diethyl group at 24 h of 2-PAM infusion was 154% vs. 81% in dimethyl group.
At 7 days the increase in activity was 215% vs. 118% respectively. However on multiple repeated ANOVA, no statistically significant
difference was observed between diethyl and dimethyl groups at admission and discharge (P > 0.05). Similarly no significant difference was observed in three groups when patients were categorized according to WHO
classification of organophosphates (P > 0.05). The maximum increase in red cell AChE activity occurs in first 4 h of 2-PAM administration followed by a slow increase
despite 2-PAM infusion till 24 h. 相似文献
102.
Shalini Gupta Minni Verma Kamaljit Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(2):127-133
Estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is crucial in management of coronary artery disease patients. Though a number of homogenous assays are available for estimation of LDL-C, use of calculated LDL-C by Friedewald’s formula (FF) is common in Indian laboratories for logistic reasons. Recently Anandaraja and colleagues have derived a new formula for calculating LDL-C. This formula needs to be evaluated before it is extensively applied in diagnosis. We measured LDL-C by homogenous method (D-LDL-C) in 515 fasting samples. Friedewald’s and Anandaraja’s formulas were used for calculation of LDL-C (F-LDL-C and A-LDL-C, respectively). The mean LDL-C levels were 123.3 ± 53.2, 112.4 ± 50.2 and 109.2 ± 49.8 mg/dl for D-LDL-C, F-LDL-C and A-LDL-C, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the results (P > 0.001) obtained by calculation formulas compared to the measured LDL-C. There was underestimation of LDL-C by 10.8 and 14 mg/dl by Friedewald’s and Anandaraja’s formulas respectively. The Pearson’s correlation between F-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.931 and that between A-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.930. Bland–Altman graphs showed a definite agreement between mean and differences of the calculation formulas and direct LDL-C with 95% of values lying with in ±2 SD limits. The mean percentage difference (calculated as {(Calculated LDL-C)-(D-LDL-C)}/D-LDL-C × 100) for F-LDL-C was maximum (−11.6%) at HDL-C ≥ 60 mg/dl and TG levels of 200–300 mg/dl (−10.4%) compared to D-LDL-C. A-LDL-C results gave highest mean percentage difference at total cholesterol concentrations <100 mg/dl (−37.3%) and HDL-C < 40 mg/dl (−17.1%), respectively. The results of our study showed that FF is better in agreement with D-LDL-C than Anandaraja’s formula for estimation of LDL-C by calculation though both lead to its underestimation. 相似文献
103.
Nanotechnology has brought revolution in cancer detection and treatment. It has capability to detect even a single cancerous cell in vivo and deliver the highly toxic drugs to the cancerous cells. Nanoshells, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, supermagnetic nanoparticles, nano wires, nanodiamonds, dandrimers, and recently synthesized nanosponges are some of the materials used for cancer detection. Using specific cross linkers, such as specific antibodies against cancer cells individual cancer cells can be located. With the aid of a novel set of lipid-coated, targeted quantum dots a method for quantifying multiple specific biomarkers on the surfaces of individual cancer cells was also developed. This approach to quantitative biomarker detection stands to improve the histopathology methods used to diagnosis pancreatic and other cancers and enable the development of methods to spot cancer cells circulating in the blood stream. Certain nano materials can also deliver cancer drugs at the site so the drug toxicity can also be reduced. 相似文献
104.
Debapriya Bandyopadhyay Haren Baruah Bharat Gupta Shailja Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(2):164-170
Vascular thrombotic disorders have emerged as a serious threat to our society. Platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, collagen and other platelet activators exposed over the atherosclerotic plaques can trigger platelet signaling events, activate platelets and lead to thrombotic events. Since anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment strategies are usually associated with serious bleeding complications, preventing platelets adhesion may help to maintain platelets in an inactive state. In this study we tried to find out the effect of Silver nanoparticles, through their interaction with various platelet surface integrins on platelet adhesion on immobilized fibrinogen. Platelets, isolated from anti-coagulated human whole blood sample from healthy donors, were suspended in physiological buffer and each sample was divided into four tubes. In three of them 0.05, 0.5, and 5 μM concentrations of Silver nanoparticles were added, fourth tube served as control. Platelet adhesion on immobilized fibrinogen matrices and integrin mediated cell signaling events were studied in all the four samples. In the present study we show that nanosilver prevent platelet adhesion without conferring any lytic effect on them and effectively prevents integrin-mediated platelet responses in a concentration-dependent manner. 相似文献
105.
106.
V. K. Gupta V. Mallika Yashika Gupta D. K. Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1992,7(1):3-10
Oxygen derived free radicals have been implicated in a number of clinical disorders including atherosclerosis (1), ischemic
heart disease (IHD) (2), post ischemic reperfusion injury (3) and respiratory distress syndrome (4). These radical are generated
by sequential reduction of molecular oxygen; the primary product being superoxide anion (O2
.−) which is subsequently reduced to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxy1 radical (OH.) and singlet oxygen (1O2). However the evidence for ODFR induced cell damage in various clinical disorders is still debated and rests largely on free
radical scavenging studies, through electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic (EPRS) studies have provided direct evidence
for ODFR generation following coronary artery ligation (5).
By definition, a free radical is an atom, ion or molecule with one or more unpaired electrons (the presence of unpaired electron
in a free radical being represented by a superscribed bold dot-R.) and may be formed as a result of homolytic fission of a covalent bond or by electron transfer reactions, and may have cationic
(NH3
+), anionic (O2
.−) or neutral (NO) characteristics. The most important in vivo source for these radical species have been found to be univalent
biochemical redox reactions involving oxygen. (a) A:B→A.+B. (b) A:+B→A.+B. 相似文献
107.
108.
Discrimination‐Related Stress Effects on the Development of Internalizing Symptoms Among Latino Adolescents
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Selcuk R. Sirin Lauren Rogers‐Sirin Jessica Cressen Taveeshi Gupta Sammy F. Ahmed Alfredo D. Novoa 《Child development》2015,86(3):709-725
This three‐wave longitudinal study of 173 Latino adolescents (M = 16.16 years, SD = 0.65) is designed to understand the role of discrimination‐related stress in mental health trajectories during middle to late adolescence with attention to differences due to immigration status. The results of the growth curve analysis showed that anxious‐depressed, withdrawn‐depressed, and somatic complaints significantly decreased over time. Furthermore, although discrimination‐related stress was found to be significantly related to the trajectories of three types of mental health symptoms, the results revealed that immigration status moderated these relations such that discrimination‐related stress was significantly related to these outcomes for Latino youth whose parents were born in the United States, while this relation was not significant for Latino children of immigrants. 相似文献
109.
110.
Yashika Gupta V. Mallika D. K. Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(1):35-45
High plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. Modified
forms of LDL, especially oxidized LDL play a major role in its pathogenesis. This article gives detailed insight into the
kinetics ofin vitro LDL oxidation by copper at different concentrations in normal and high-risk group subjects. Basal level of oxidatively modified
LDL was significantly higher in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and IHD hyperlipidemic subjects compared to normolipidemic and,
hyperlipidemic control subjects, respectively. Derivatization of amino groups of apo-lipoprotein as monitored by estimating
free amino groups concentration, was significantly higher in high-risk group and established IHD cases. Kinetics of oxidation
was studied with two different concentrations of CuSO4 (2.5 mM and 7.5 mM). thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level increases with time, and up to 95% oxidation was
observed in 8 hr. About 60–65% less free amino groups were observed in native-LDL isolated from IHD patients compared to normal
subjects. Study also showed an increase in two oxidative products studied, 20α-OH-cholesterol and 4-cholesten-3-one with oxidation
time accompanied by corresponding decrease in LDL cholesterol. Increase in oxidative species was more evident in high-risk
group and IHD patient. Basal level of oxidatively modified LDL measured in terms of TBARS was significantly higher in present
study, strongly support that the extent of LDL oxidation monitored as TBARS and FAG level in circulating-LDL could be used
as risk marker for high risk group. 相似文献