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Lydia Beerkens 《文物保护研究》2016,61(3):12-16
Conservation of modern art has in the last 20 years developed from a singular case-by-case approach into a full and independent specialization in conservation with its own strategy, theory, and ethics. The methods applied today are both newly developed and partly a continuation of traditional conservation standards. New is the special focus on the artist and his intent, and on the defining of the various artistic concepts, as these elements and the artist as a stakeholder, play decisive roles in decision-making on optional treatment interventions. Challenging new materials (plastics, light, food, kinetic art, or re-used objects) require ongoing research to formulate specific instructions, and special designed guidelines for conservation, putting a new perspective on collections care. As contemporary art may be produced by the artist, by assistants or industry, and can be made of artists' materials, anything from the hardware store, re-used or reworked objects or intangible elements, the reassessing of definitions on authenticity and originality eventually lead to the reformulation of standard rules on retouching, reversibility and in particular reconstruction. Thus new conservation strategies have been designed for various types of contemporary art, where applicable built from old standards. 相似文献
12.
The paradox in international cooperation: Institutionally embedded universities in a global environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As a response to processes of globalisation and regional integration, internationalisation activities in universities have
changed. Flows have become more massive, the range of activities has broadened, and internationalisation has shifted from
a marginal activity to a central institutional issue with strategic importance (van der Wende 2001, European Journal of Education 36(4), 431–441). These shifts can also be observed in international cooperation among universities. One of the manifestations
of this shift is the increase and change of inter-organisational arrangements in higher education. One type of such arrangements
– higher education consortia – are analysed in detail in the study. This analysis takes inter-organisational diversity as
a starting point (Parkhe 1991, Journal of International Business Studies 22(4), 579–601). The basic thesis is that partners need to be similar, yet different, or in other words, there needs to be
sufficient complementarity as well as sufficient compatibility among the participating universities. The article also explores
the ways in which the management of consortia can improve the levels of complementarity and compatibility and thus the success
of such consortia.
Eric Beerkens is a postdoctoral research fellow at the School of Policy & Practice, Faculty of Education and Social Work at
the University of Sydney. In 2004 he completed his PhD at CHEPS on the study reported in this article. Marijk van der Wende
is professor at CHEPS. 相似文献
13.
Student employment is increasingly common in many countries. Compared to earlier decades, not only more students work but
they also work longer hours. Among European countries Estonia is one of the clear “leaders” in student employment. This study
uses survey data from 2,496 students in Estonian public and private universities to examine the reasons for working on such
a massive scale and its consequences on academic success. The results show that, unlike in most other countries, Estonian
students from more privileged families are as likely to work as students from poorer families and they are even more likely
to have a full-time job. Furthermore, working seems to have only a marginal negative effect on academic progress. These results
seem to support the theory that in Eastern European countries student employment has become a signal of students’ capabilities
and ambition, and that relatively low academic standards contribute to the strength of the signaling mechanism. A long-term
solution to student employment would require changes in quality standards, student financing, alternative higher education
opportunities, and perceptions of students, employers, and academics. 相似文献
14.