本专科学生能力发展的对比研究——基于“2008年首都高校学生发展状况调查”相关数据的分析

本文利用2008年首都高校学生发展状况调查的数据,使用路径分析方法对普通本科院校本科学生和高职高专院校专科学生能力的自我评价作了比较分析。研究发现:后者在职业和心理素质方面相对优势显著,而前者在公民素质方面自我评价较高。此外还发现,学习参与、社会活动参与和集体活动参与的积极与否对个人能力发展有着显著影响。     

我国体育用品制造业转型升级与服务业发展的关系研究

采用中国大陆东部、中西和西部三大经济区2008—2015年的面板数据，运用Johanson面板协整关系检验、Granger因果关系检验与面板数据误差修正模型，实证检验了我国体育用品制造业升级与服务业发展之间的因果关系。研究结果表明：不管是东部经济发达地区，还是中西部经济落后地区，体育用品制造业升级和服务业发展之间的协同互动关系均未建立起来，三大经济区体育用品制造业升级与服务业发展之间仅存在单向的因果关系。在东西部经济区，体育用品制造业升级是服务业发展的长期原因，但在中部经济区，服务业发展则是体育用品制造业升级的长期原因。从整体来看，虽然中国是一个体育用品制造和出口大国，但由于缺乏核心技术，产品全球竞争力较弱，国际话语权仍非常有限，与国内服务业发展相比，三大经济区体育用品制造业发展还处于相对较低的水平。最后，从互补性视角提出我国体育用品制造业与服务业发展的战略举措。     

浅析钢琴演奏中的记忆问题

背谱记忆是钢琴演奏中一个十分重要的基础环节。改善记忆的方法．对于提高音乐记忆水平、积累音乐作品和促使演出的临场发挥，有着十分重要的作用。该文从心理学的角度对钢琴演奏中的记忆问题进行客观的分析，试图对记忆方法做出进一步的探讨。     

黑葵花籽皮黑色素提取及影响其稳定性因素分析

采用碱性溶液提取、酸水解沉淀等工艺分离纯化了黑葵花籽皮色素，呈天然黑色，其得率为12．5％（以粗品于原料为准），并对该色素的理化性质等进行了较系统的研究．结果表明：黑葵花籽皮黑色素耐光、耐热；对还原剂较稳定，对强氧化剂不够稳定；碱性条件下较稳定；Cu^2＋，Ca^2＋，Na^＋,Zn^2＋等金属离子对该色素有护色、增色作用，Fe^3＋，Al^3＋虽有减色作用，但不明显；是一种性能优良的天然黑色素。     

The influence of experience on pre-service and novice teachers – the Croatian perspective

This paper researches students’ and teacher trainees’ personal experience of student-centred teaching during their education in grades 1–4 of primary school. The questionnaire comprised 45 statements and was completed by 403 primary school teacher trainees and 535 students (future teachers) at Faculties of Teacher Education in Croatia. The research results show that students do not have sufficient prior experience that they could use as inspiration in their future teaching practice and that in the course of their education they were mainly exposed to traditional approach to teaching. The majority of teacher trainees are aware of the importance of student-centred teaching although they cannot fully give up the control of students and educational process. This research opens up the issue of a paradigm change within the teaching system and education in Croatia as well as the issue of changes within education and professional development of teachers.     

应用自体浓缩生长因子凝胶(CGF)联合自体发泡表皮移植修复难愈性创面

目的:了解应用自体浓缩生长因子凝胶联合发泡表皮移植用于修复难愈性创面的可行性及其治疗效果。方法:选择16例难愈性创面的住院患者,共16处且持续6周以上未愈合的,进行浓缩生长因子凝胶膜联合自体发泡表皮移植修复,治疗方法为I期创面扩创,填塞凝浓缩生长因子凝胶,根据创面凝胶溶解情况,7~10天更换一次浓缩生长因子凝胶,3周后创面肉芽组织生长、新鲜。Ⅱ期手术,利用皮肤分离仪于腹壁发泡,取数个直径1cm2表皮并间隔覆盖于创面,浓缩生长因子凝胶膜覆盖。结果:16处难愈性创面患者中14处创面愈合良好,2处创面部分皮片成活欠佳、溶解,残余创面经换药后愈合。创面愈合后随访18个月,仅3例出现张力性水泡,部分色素沉着,均未见溃疡复发,无明显增生性瘢痕。腹壁发泡取皮区皮肤颜色正常,质软,未见瘢痕生长。结论:浓缩生长因子凝胶联合自体发泡表皮移植修复难愈性创面,因其取材方便,方法简单、供皮区损伤小、创面愈合质量高,宜在临床上推广,为难愈性创面的修复提供新的治疗方法。     

Impact of external examinations (Matura) on school lessons

In the first part, the paper considers the impacts of external examination on learning and school lessons. Numerous researches and analyses have shown that students from specialized high schools retain incomplete, shallow and often completely incorrect ideas about some natural and social phenomena. They do not know how to connect the knowledge that they have gained. The reason for the low applicability of knowledge and lack of retention is mainly due to the domination of shallow and reproductive studying, which is even encouraged by the external Matura. Multiple‐choice questions and tasks of low taxonomic level, which can be objectively measured or graded, predominate in the external examination. The results, in the second part of the paper, indicate that the knowledge gained in high schools is narrowing throughout the years of schooling. This means that, with the approach of the final examination, exact summaries of learned material, definitions and information are demanded from students more often at the end than at the beginning of high school. Students' comprehension, linking their knowledge to other subjects and topics, critical thinking and applying the knowledge to other examples is demanded more often at the beginning of schooling (in the first year) than in the fourth year of high school (just before the Matura). Also, the democratization of the grading process decreases throughout the schooling. Students are debating with the teachers about form, methods and content of grading examinations more frequently in the first year than in the fourth year of their schooling.     

From Green to Red Tomatoes or Is there a Shortcut by which to Change the Conceptions of Teaching and Learning of College Teachers?

No general shift from a teaching to a learning paradigm in higher education is possible without a parallel change in the conceptions that college and university teachers have of teaching and learning‐‐from teaching, conceived as transmission and reception of knowledge, to teaching as facilitation of student learning. Staff development and action research can play a useful role in “defreezing” the existing conceptions and attitudes. But for a substantial change in teaching practices in the direction of learning of high quality to occur, more substantial changes in organization, curricula, funding, staff recruitment, and professional development policies are needed. The international academic community can play an important role in this paradigm shift by presenting models of good practice as well as exchanges of experiences and incentives. Such assistance is especially important for small countries in transition, like Slovenia.     

STEM colonization: Applying hard sciences' socio-organisational patterns and evaluation procedures to the soft sciences in Croatia

Academic systems are undergoing changes in which the social organisation of research as well as patterns of scientific productivity in the humanities and social sciences progressively resemble those in hard sciences. The hard and soft sciences are increasingly converging. This development can be observed in (a) publishing patterns, (b) the division of research, and (c) the internationalisation of research. This study explored the extent to which these changes occurring in academic systems in terms of a transformation of disciplinary practices are also becoming a trend in transitional post-socialist countries. We used Croatia as a case of a post socialist transitional context and compared it to Slovenia, a country with a similar past but somewhat different science policies and strategies. The results point to increasing convergence in some soft disciplines, visible in projectification and internationalisation of academic work as well as a significant change in the publishing patterns.