沿海乡村中学生体质状况的调研分析

采用体质监测、文献资料调研和数理统计等方法,对当前宁波市乡村学生的身体形态、机能、素质等指标进行调研分析,结果发现:宁波市乡村学生的身体形态、机能、素质等指标,随着年龄的增长而呈上升趋势,增幅随着年龄的增长而呈下降趋势.     

双液体系气—液平衡相图测定方法的探讨

对双液体系气-液平衡相图实验在实验体系和装置上进行改进．改进后,操作安全、方便、环保(无毒、无害)、试剂易得、价格与原试剂相差不多,实验效果与原实验一样．     

母语负迁移现象对英文写作的影响

由于英汉两种语言在词法、句法、逻辑习惯以及思维方式上存在巨大的差异,使得母语为汉语的学生在英文写作时仍然带有汉语思维的自动化痕迹,这种根深蒂固的母语的负迁移现象会伴随整个语言的学习过程。通过对两种语言的对比分析,找出语言间存在的差异,以期让学生的英文写作能力的表达更通顺、流畅和地道。     

Practical Components in Teacher Training Programmes in Slovenia (Yugoslavia)

For the present development of teacher training system in Slovenia (Yugoslavia) two trends are characteristic: the prolongation of studies for elementary school teachers (grades 1‐8) from two to four years and an institutional shift of responsibility for subject teacher training from ‘mono‐technical’ (pedagogical academies) to ‘polytechnical’ institutions (different faculties or departments of the universities).

These trends are having important implications for the scope of practical training and its relationship to other parts of the studies. Traditional forms of practical training that had developed at pedagogical academies are being discontinued but the new ones are not yet firmly established.

The existing forms of practical training of student teachers are briefly described (exercises in general professional courses, exercises in classroom observation, teaching attempts and block practice). In addition, the role of teachers of special didactics and the role of practice teachers is analysed.

The pragmatic character of practical training has to be overcome on the basis of systematic attempts to confront students’ subjective theories on teaching and learning, based on experience, with scientific theories throughout the process of their training.

An important prerequisite for the necessary integration of different components of study and especially of theory and practice is cooperation between university teachers of academic, general professional subjects and special didactics. How do we achieve such a cooperation and overcome the negative attitude of teachers of academic subjects toward professional and practical training of students? This remains one of the open problems in the reform of teacher training in Slovenia.     

自我主导力视角下导生互动影响硕士生个体发展质量的实证研究

为了有效评价和提升研究生的个体发展质量,需要引入适当的中层理论和评价指标。以硕士生为对象,把自我主导力、创新能力、职业成熟度作为硕士生个体发展质量的代表性指标,分析了导生互动对硕士生个体发展质量的影响路径。实证分析结果显示,在导生互动对硕士生创新能力和职业成熟度的影响中,自我主导力具有显著的中介效应,是硕士生个体发展质量的核心。研究结果为建立硕士生个体发展质量和导生互动质量动态监测机制、营造以学生为中心的导生互动质量文化提供了实证支持。     

Balanced Development for Provincial-Level Coordination and Higher Vocational Education

Abstract

In the rapid development of Chinese higher vocational education, large gaps have appeared in the scale of development and resource generation among the provinces, among regions in the provinces, and among higher education institutions in the provinces. Balanced regional development and provincial-level coordination have become policy focal points, but a discussion of the relationship between the two has been lacking in the academic world. Based on 2009 data on vocational colleges in China, the quantitative analysis in this paper shows that there is a tension between the governance models of higher vocational education and balanced development of vocational colleges within provinces. Research findings show that school affiliation is related to the ability to attract public funding, appropriations for public schools are significantly higher than for private schools, and tuition for private schools is significantly higher than for public schools; school affiliation is related to output, and the new student registration rate and number of cooperating enterprises is higher for public schools than private schools; and there is a significant positive correlation between the ratio of prefecture-level city schools and the average number of cooperating enterprises for schools in a province, and a significant positive correlation between the ratio of private schools and the average tuition of schools in a province. This paper suggests that to achieve the dual objectives of balance and development, provincial-level governments should adjust their administrations and financing for higher vocational education and decentralize their authority to local governments, in order to build a diverse and flexible new model for higher vocational education governance.     

Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species

Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic constraints to chilli production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate taxonomic information is necessary for effective disease control management. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, different Colletotrichum species can be associated with anthracnose of the same host. Little information is known concerning the interactions of the species associated with the chilli anthracnose although several Colletotrichum species have been reported as causal agents of chilli anthracnose disease worldwide. The ambiguous taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species has resulted in inaccurate identification which may cause practical problems in plant breeding and disease management. Although the management and control of anthracnose disease are still being extensively researched, commercial eultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogens that cause chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. This paper reviews the causal agents of chilli anthracnose, the disease cycle, conventional methods in identification of the pathogen and molecular approaches that have been used for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Pathogenetic variation and population structure of the causal agents of chilli anthracnose along with the current taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species are discussed. Future developments leading to the disease management strategies are suggested.     

从建筑的盲目崇洋来谈艺术教育的重要性

人文教育不等于美育,美育应该和德智体育一样,有它相对独立的一面。我们的美育说到底是人的精神文明教育或者是“修养”的教育,是灵魂的教育,是做人的教育,是辨别美丑善恶的教育。     

The relations of parental supervision,parental school involvement,and child's social competence with school achievement in primary school

The aim of this study was to examine the relation of parental supervision, parental involvement at school and child's social competence with school achievement in primary school. A theoretical model was postulated that predicts direct and indirect effects of parental behaviors on adolescents’ school achievement. Participants were 1,024 adolescents attending Grades 5 through 8 in 20 primary schools in Croatia and one of their parents or guardians. Adolescents completed a scale assessing their self‐perceived social competence and data on their grade point average were collected. Parents completed scales measuring parental supervision and parental involvement at school and they rated their child's social competence. The results of model testing showed that parental behaviors have both direct and indirect effect on adolescents’ school achievement. Greater parental supervision and school involvement have a direct and an indirect, through their effects on child's social competence, positive effects on adolescents’ school achievement.     

教育、行业分割与性别收入差异——基于中国大学生就业调查的分析

本文利用2009年北京大学的"高校毕业生就业调查"及2008年麦可思公司的"全国大学毕业生就业调查"数据,将行业分割纳入对中国大学毕业生性别工资差距的研究。本研究主要利用布朗-穆恩-扎罗斯全因素分解模型进行分析。结果表明,所有行业中都存在性别收入差距,该差距随着个体受教育程度的提高而增大。性别收入差距主要由行业内的性别收入差别导致,而非行业间的收入差异。此外,行业内的性别收入差别在本科毕业生群体中主要来源于行业内的性别歧视,硕士毕业生中的性别差异主要是由于性别间的个人特征差异所引起。因此,为了促进劳动力市场中的性别平等,政府应当首先考虑利用那些能改善行业内部性别歧视情况的政策工具。