无线:未来互联网"冲击波"

上期,栏目刊载了NSF无线移动计划编制组WMPG发布的研究报告中“无线网络在下一代互联网中的应用”内容,本期将刊载“无线对网络体系结构的挑战;未来无线网络的部署策略;无线网络研究的实验基础架构”等内容。下期,栏目将刊载“小组的主要发现和建议”内容。     

Education and countering violent extremism: Western logics from south to north?

Abstract

This paper explores the way education and conflict have become entangled during the post-9/11 ‘war on terror’ response to ‘radical Islam’ at home and abroad. The paper charts the complex ways that education has been deployed to serve Western military and security objectives in multiple locations in the global south and how these strategies have now returned to the ‘ West’ in the form of ‘countering violent extremism’ interventions. Drawing on Foucault’s concept of the ‘boomerang effect’ I will explore whether and how education techniques and strategies deployed abroad in pursuit of imperial interests return to the West and are deployed to monitor, control and suppress marginalised communities in a form of ‘internal colonialism’. Finally, the paper brings the two sections together in the Findings to explore commonalities and divergences.     

Adding interactive graphic organizers to a whole-class slideshow lesson

This study examines the effects of including interactive graphic organizers into a whole-class PowerPoint lesson as an instructional approach intended to improve student engagement and generative learning in schools. A software application was developed and integrated into PowerPoint that makes it possible for the instructor to fill in empty graphic organizers during PowerPoint projection mode. The participants were 152 fourth-grade students selected from three schools that were grouped in four classrooms. Each classroom was divided in two groups—graphic organizer and content-based. The graphic organizer group was taught using an 11-slide PowerPoint presentation on a social study topic that included two empty graphic organizers plus two additional slides explaining how to make a comparison. The content-based group was taught using the same presentation but without these additional slides plus a set of questions students had to answer as a class activity. The lessons were recorded and the verbal statements between instructor and students examined using the Flanders Interaction Analysis System. Results indicated significant differences in how instructors and students interacted in each group, including more questions asked by teachers (d?=?1.99) and more students participating in the classroom discussion in the graphic organizer group (d?=?1.76). Learning outcomes showed that the graphic organizer group outperformed the content-based group on a memory test (d?=?.45) and a comprehension test (d?=?.44). These results encourage the use of graphic organizers as an instructional approach, and are consistent with a generative theory of learning.     

Twenty-Five Centuries of Quantum Physics: From Pythagoras to Us,and from Subjectivism to Realism

Three main theses are proposed. The first is that the idea of a quantum or minimal unit is not peculiar to quantum theory, since it already occurs in the classical theories of elasticity and electrolysis. Second, the peculiarities of the objects described by quantum theory are the following: their basic laws are probabilistic; some of their properties, such as position and energy, are blunt rather than sharp; two particles that were once together continue to be associated even after becoming spatially separated; and the vacuum has physical properties, so that it is a kind of matter. Third, the orthodox or Copenhagen interpretation of the theory is false, and may conveniently be replaced with a realist (though not classicist) interpretation. Heisenberg's inequality, Schrödinger's cat and Zeno's quantum paradox are discussed in the light of the two rival interpretations. It is also shown that the experiments that falsified Bell's inequality do not refute realism but the classicism inherent in hidden variables theories.     

Philosophy,philosophy of education,and the education of teachers

The role of philosophy of education has become seriously blurred with constant cries for practical and immediate answers. The nature of the discipline is such that when practical solutions are demanded of it, it loses its vitality. Philosophy is an intellectual and contemplative exercise; it is a true activity of leisure, one which needs to be enjoyed for its own sake. This intellectual and contemplative activity is of service to the practical concerns of education because choice, action, and judgment — the concerns of the practical realm —depend upon intellectual knowledge. Philosophy of education is, therefore, an essential discipline in the education of the student-teacher.     

At Risk on the Border: Assessment of Student Learning at an Hispanic Serving Institution

Hispanics face multiple barriers to academic achievement. This study measured learning in an undergraduate criminal justice program at an Hispanic Serving Institution bordering Mexico. We estimated the average gains students achieved across core content areas using a technique that can be used by other faculty as part of program assessment. The majority of participants were Hispanic first-generation college students. An independent samples t-test was used to examine differences between freshman- and senior-level students, and the Lovett/Johnson model (2012) model was used to measure student gains using regression analysis. Results indicated that seniors showed meaningful gains at every level.     

Le portrait professionnel de l'enseignant et la fonction enseignante

Les projets pilotes pour la transition de l'école à la vie active, organisés par la Commission des Communautés Européennes (1978‐1982), nous ont donné la possibilité de définir la fonction enseignante autrement que par la simple compétence disciplinaire. En particulier, la projet réalisé à Milan a permis d'élaborer une méthodologie pour la définition du portrait professionnel de l'enseignant: il s'agit de considérer le “produit” terminal de son activité, c'est‐à‐dire les compétences que doit avoir l'élève à la fin d'une formation donnée; ces compétences seraient analysées par un groupe formé par les enseignants et les experts du monde du travail qui sont intéressés par l'utilisation de telles compétences. On parvient ainsi à déterminer le curriculum et par là on arrive aux qualités professionnelles que l'enseignant doit avoir pour le développer.

C'est par cette méthodologie que l'analyse comparée de l'ensemble des projets pilotes nous a conduit à différencier la fonction enseignante en six niveaux: modérateur du travail de groupe, “tutor” pour la transition, expert d'une discipline, programmateur curriculaire, analyste de systèmes et d'institutions d'enseignement, évaluateur des processus de formation. A ces niveaux opérationnels, s'ajoutent deux dimensions intentionnelles: la dimension collégiale de l'exercice de la profession et la dimension éducative qui permet à l'enseignant d'être l'interprète du “Sujet historique”.     

The Impact of Design-Based STEM Integration Curricula on Student Achievement in Engineering,Science, and Mathematics

The new science education reform documents call for integration of engineering into K-12 science classes. Engineering design and practices are new to most science teachers, meaning that implementing effective engineering instruction is likely to be challenging. This quasi-experimental study explored the influence of teacher-developed, engineering design-based science curriculum units on learning and achievement among grade 4–8 students of different races, gender, special education status, and limited English proficiency (LEP) status. Treatment and control students (n = 4450) completed pretest and posttest assessments in science, engineering, and mathematics as well as a state-mandated mathematics test. Single-level regression results for science outcomes favored the treatment for one science assessment (physical science, heat transfer), but multilevel analyses showed no significant treatment effect. We also found that engineering integration had different effects across race and gender and that teacher gender can reduce or exacerbate the gap in engineering achievement for student subgroups depending on the outcome. Other teacher factors such as the quality of engineering-focused science units and engineering instruction were predictive of student achievement in engineering. Implications for practice are discussed.     

Heat Transfer in Packed Bed Heat Recuperators—I. A Precision Numerical Analysis

An extensive literature survey is reported that verifies the need for a more precise representation of the heat transfer film coefficient in packed beds. A precision numerical analysis scheme is developed for a much more general model than previously reported. Application of the results to the experimental data will be reported in Part II of the paper.