欧盟和布什政府关注全球变暖问题

1 当双方讨论到气候变化问题时,美国和欧盟就像捉小鸡游戏中两辆对开的汽车,德国总理安吉拉·默克尔的气候问题顾问拉吉姆·施耐胡勃这样评价道.这样说可能有点言过其实.但这次在德国海边度假城市海利根达姆召开的八国峰会上,美国和以德国为首的欧盟在气候问题上的分歧确实很难有根本性的扭转.     

形成性评价（Formative Assessment）的本质及其对教与学的影响

长期以来,很多学者一直倡导指导教学的评价,即通过评估学生需求和监测其学习进展,适当地设计学习顺序,调整教学策略,改良学习计划,以便有效地促进学习目标的完成。本研究调查了形成性评价在美国中学科学课中的实施情况,并分析其对学生学习进步的影响。研究表明,教师都在努力使用形成性评价来指导教学,而学生取得的成绩各不相同。     

Thinking about engineering practice: a change in technological activity

The following paper puts forward a distinction in the way of understanding the idea of the ‘technological phenomenon’ from a vision of the concept considered as a traditional artefact and seen as a tool, machines, processes and efficient transformations, to a global view that can serve the technical, organizational and cultural aspects of technology. On the other hand, it puts forward a series of proposals pointing to the incorporation of this new conceptual approach to the engineer formation so that he/she can be aware with a critical and responsible sense of the implications that the technological work bears passing from a technological activity to a technological practice as such.     

Informationen/Meinungen

Ohne ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Rubrik ist die Förderung der informellen fachlichen Kommunikation durch Nachrichten, Kurzberichte, Interviews und Kommentare zu aktuellen fachlichen Themen. Auch Leserbriefe, die sich mit bereits veröffentlichten Beiträgen befassen, können hier veröffentlicht werden. Die Betreuung der Rubrik obliegt den Hauptherausgebern.     

Student participation in learning environment improvement: analysis of a co-design project in a Finnish upper secondary school

The present educational design research involved analysing Finnish upper secondary school students’ participation in the improvement of their psychosocial and technology-enhanced physical learning environment (LE). It examined which LE characteristics students considered important when redesigning their LE, and whether they felt that their ideas for improvement had been taken into account in the LE change process and if there was an improvement in these characteristics. A Learning Environment Design (LED) framework balancing the various LE dimensions, namely, communality and individuality, comfort and health, novelty and conventionality, was utilised in the analysis for four sets of data collected for four cycles: (a) co-design activities (students, n = 11) and (b) student feedback (n = 175); (c) professional design evaluation (students, n = 2); and (d) student satisfaction survey (n = 83). Students considered all LE dimensions important. In addition, they felt that their wishes were generally taken into account in the redesign and also they perceived an improvement in most of the LE characteristics. Student involvement helped to avoid overly radical changes, fostered a participatory culture, and contributed to understanding what students view as important to their learning and wellbeing. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the LED-framework for LE design and suggests content-related design principles to serve as a starting point in LE improvement projects involving learners.     

LPL夏季赛精彩场次解析

LPL夏季赛的战火终于燃起,12支劲旅的激烈厮杀让这个夏天变得更加充实,尤其对于刚高考完的读者朋友来说,接下来的暑假就可以好好享受一番了。此次LPL夏季赛涌现了QG、RNG和UP这三只新队伍,且各个战队的阵容都有一定的调整补强,这比赛一定比上赛季要更加激烈精彩。     

Value,violence, and the ethics of gaming

I argue for two theses. First, many arguments against violent gaming rely on what I call the contamination thesis, drawing their conclusions by claiming that violent gaming contaminates real world interactions. I argue that this thesis is empirically and philosophically problematic. Second, I argue that rejecting the contamination thesis does not entail that all video games are morally unobjectionable. The violence within a game can be evaluated in terms of the values the game cultivates, reinforces, denigrates, or disrespects. Games which present violence in ways that disrespect objects of values are more objectionable than violent games that reinforce or cultivate those values. The resulting analysis evaluates games on a case-by-case basis and pays particular attention to the representational context of the violence.