OBJECTIVE: The study examines the self-reported prevalence of childhood physical and sexual abuse in a large sample of Portuguese parents. METHOD: Nearly 1,000 parents (506 mothers and 426 fathers) were selected through public primary schools from the Northern area of Portugal. All completed the Portuguese version of the Childhood History Questionnaire (CHQ) [Journal of Family Violence 5 (1990) 15]. RESULTS: Results show that the prevalence of abuse was 73%, but more severe physical abuse involving sequelae/injury was reported by 9.5%. Most physical abuses began prior to age 13, with half continuing after age 13. No gender differences were found for rates of physical abuse. However, among the milder physical abuse without sequelae/injury, those women who experienced "whipping" or "slapping/kicking" were more likely to do so from their mothers than fathers. Among men who were "slapped/kicked" this was more likely to be from their fathers. Low rates of sexual abuse were found at 2.6% with no gender or age differences. Lack of a supportive adult in childhood related to the more severe abuses, but only in adolescence. Portuguese rates of abuse were consistently lower than those reported in USA and Spanish studies using the CHQ. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first retrospective, self-report study of childhood abuse in a large sample of Portuguese parents and, even with a participation rate of 69%, shows lower rates than in US and Spanish samples. 相似文献
Since the early years of the twenty‐first century there has been an increasing interest in using Web 2.0 technologies to support learning in Higher Education. However, previous research suggests that the integration of blogging into courses can be difficult and cites problems with issues such as student compliance. We adopt a learner‐centred perspective and explore students’ (rather than their educators’) understanding of how blogs and blogging can support distance learning in Higher Education. We report on a study of UK Open University (OU) students on an online distance learning Masters course, that has enabled us to determine the issues that are important to these bloggers, and we describe five ways in which they appropriated blogging to suit their individual needs. We discuss the importance of making blogging activities flexible so that students can blog to meet their own needs whilst still attending to the requirements of their course. 相似文献
The aim of this article is to make a close case study of one teacher’s teaching in relation to established traditions within
science education in Sweden. The teacher’s manner of teaching is analysed with the help of an epistemological move analysis.
The moves made by the teacher are then compared in a context of educational philosophy and selective tradition. In the analyses
the focus is to study the process of teaching and learning in action in institutionalised and socially shared practices. The
empirical material consists of video recordings of four lessons with the same group of students and the same teacher. The
students are all in Year 7 in a Swedish 9-year compulsory school. During these lessons the students work with a subject area
called “Properties of materials”. The results show that the teacher makes a number of different moves with regard to how to
proceed and come to a conclusion about what the substances are. Many of these moves are special in that they indicate that
the students need to be able to handle the procedural level of school science. These moves do not deal directly with the knowledge
production process, but with methodological aspects. The function of the moves turns the students’ attention from one source
of knowledge to another. The moves are aimed at helping the students to help themselves, since it is through their own activity
and their own thinking that learning takes place. This is characteristic in the teacher’s manner of teaching. When compared
in a context of educational philosophy, this manner of teaching has similarities with progressentialism; a mixture of essentialism
and progressivism. This educational philosophy is a central aspect of what is called the academic tradition—a selective tradition
common in science education in Sweden between 1960 and 1990. 相似文献
The effective implementation of educational reform is an issue that confronts both those that plan and sponsor those reforms and those that are affected by them. This article discusses networking processes in the context of reform in vocational and professional higher education. When exploring failures in educational change processes, issues associated with facilitating the adoption, adaptation and implementation of educational change have not been sufficiently addressed. Here, we use the concept of social innovation, which is relatively new in innovation research, to explain the mechanisms that facilitate educational reform, and emphasise the relationship between interaction and the perception of change. In this paper, we examine how networking among teachers is related to their perception of educational change and how the effective implementation of educational reforms can be influenced by such networking. By differentiating the various types of networks we explore the relationship between networking and educational change. The article is based on the findings of a quantitative survey of 228 Estonian teachers in vocational and professional higher educational schools administered in 2010. 相似文献
A major source of difficulties in promoting students’ understanding of genetics lies in the presentation of gene concepts
and models in an inconsistent and largely ahistorical manner, merely amalgamated in hybrid views, as if they constituted linear
developments, instead of being built for different purposes and employed in specific contexts. In this paper, we report the
results of a study about how textbooks can provide the grounds for the students’ construction of such hybrid views about genes.
These views are a key problem in genetics teaching, because they make it more difficult that students properly understand
this central biological concept and strengthen genetic deterministic ideas, which characterize a widespread discourse about
genes in the public opinion. We analyzed 18 textbooks using categorical content analysis, employing categories derived from
the literature addressing the historical development of gene models and concepts. Our findings indicate that the analyzed
textbooks do convey hybrid views about genes, with no correspondence to scientific models related to this biological concept.
These views reinforce genetic deterministic discourses and may lead students to serious misunderstandings about the nature
of genes and their role in living systems, with consequences to future learning about genetics. 相似文献
The examination of academic progression has become an essential tool for measuring the effectiveness of educational systems.
Research concerning the relationship between student learning and how they progress in their studies, however remains scarce.
The aim of this study is two-fold: Firstly, the study aims to analyse first-year bioscience students’ perceptions of their
teaching–learning environment and their approaches to learning as well as the relationship of these to academic achievement
as measured by students’ progression in studies and how they succeed. Secondly, the present study explores factors students
feel either enhance or impede their studying as well as the relationship of those factors with their approaches to learning
and academic achievement. The data consist of responses from 188 first-year students who began their studies in the fall 2007
and 2008. The data were collected in a Finnish context with a modified and shortened version of the Experiences in Teaching
and Learning Questionnaire (ETLQ). The analyses were carried out using factor analysis, one-way ANOVA and structural equation
modeling. According to the results, organised studying was related to both academic progression and study success. In addition,
academic progression was positively related to peer support. Furthermore, most of the students found that problems in time
management impeded their studies and that pre-set schedules enhanced them. Results indicate that social support and self-regulation
skills are important for academic achievement. 相似文献
The study compares the potential effects of a university admission exam model based on program-specific knowledge and an alternative
model relying on general study aptitude (GSA) in the context of a strongly stratified educational system with considerable
excess of demand over supply of university education. Using results of the Sonda Maturant 1998 survey, we show that in the specific context of the Czech Republic, displaying the above characteristics in the given period,
an admission exam model based on general study aptitude tests may improve the access of talented individuals with lower socioeconomic
status to university education. Our simulations show that with the GSA model (provided the model assumptions are met), the
relative chances of an applicant with a university-educated father would be only by one-fourth higher than the relative chances
of a student with a less educated father, as compared to the more than a one-third difference in case of the model emphasizing
program-specific knowledge. The odds ratio for the GSA model is by 28% points lower for mother’s education. 相似文献
Collaboration between Industry and University is becoming more important in order to improve the competitiveness of the research and development activities. Moreover, establishing synergies to bridge the gap between the academic and industrial spheres has demonstrated to be advantageous for both of them.
Nowadays, Industry is moving towards an open innovation structure, in which external agents as universities play a key role. Besides, University is also seeking a more active learning methodology to improve the education of students for the real world. Considering this framework, a special effort should be done to take advantage of the collaborative work between Industry and University.
The aim of this paper is to present the collaborative framework and the benefits obtained of the educational activities as a consequence of the long-term collaboration established between the University of Zaragoza and the Bosh and Siemens Home Appliances Group. The key stones of the collaboration are presented, and the positive outcomes for the students are highlighted. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the proposed program are also discussed. 相似文献