Neuromuscular variables affecting the magnitude of force loss after eccentric exercise

The aim of this study was to examine neuromuscular variables contributing to differences in force loss after participants were exposed to the same relative bout of eccentric exercise. Thirty-six males performed 50 maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors and were stratified into high responders (n = 10) and low responders (n = 10) based on force loss 36 h after exercise. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVCs) and electromyography (EMG) were measured at baseline and 36 h after exercise. During eccentric exercise, mean peak torque, mean end-range torque from the final 25% of each trial and total angular impulse were computed over 25 contractions in each of two bouts. The slope of the change in these values for each 25 eccentric contractions was calculated for each participant using linear regression. At baseline, MVC was not different between groups (low responders: 97.0 +/- 9.6 N x m; high responders: 82.7 +/- 6.4 N x m; P = 0.08). High responders demonstrated a 68% (range 62-78%) reduction in MVC and low responders a 39% (29-48%) reduction after exercise. Peak torque, end-range torque and total angular impulse were 13%, 40% and 33% higher, respectively, in the low than in the high responders (peak torque: P = 0.0002; end-range torque: P < 0.0001; total angular impulse: P < 0.001). The rate of decline in peak torque slope was greater in high than in low responders (P = 0.044). In conclusion, lower peak torque, end-range torque and total angular impulse during eccentric contractions and a greater peak torque slope may identify high responders to eccentric exercise.     

试论巴赫钢琴复调音乐

钢琴作品充满复调结构,复调音乐是每位钢琴学习者的必修课.复调大师巴赫的钢琴作品《巴赫初级钢琴曲集》和《巴赫创意曲集》是学习复调音乐的最佳教材,学习过程中不仅需要在音乐理论上掌握复调音乐的创作特点,还应着重训练大脑多层次思维能力、多声部听辨能力及手指控制能力,如均衡、力度、色彩、声音等的准确表现和音乐性质的统一.     

The Cognitive Predictors of Computational Skill with Whole versus Rational Numbers: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of the present study was to explore the 3rd-grade cognitive predictors of 5th-grade computational skill with rational numbers and how those are similar to and different from the cognitive predictors of whole-number computational skill. Students (n = 688) were assessed on incoming whole-number calculation skill, language, nonverbal reasoning, concept formation, processing speed, and working memory in the fall of 3rd grade. Students were followed longitudinally and assessed on calculation skill with whole numbers and with rational numbers in the spring of 5th grade. The unique predictors of skill with whole-number computation were incoming whole-number calculation skill, nonverbal reasoning, concept formation, and working memory (numerical executive control). In addition to these cognitive abilities, language emerged as a unique predictor of rational-number computational skill.     

探析道家思想对心理咨询的启示

本文以《道德经》中的句子进行佐证,从四个方面来阐释道家思想对心理咨询的启示：1．清静无为,顺其自然——强调洞明世事,认识规律;2．利而不害,为而不争——强调和谐意识,与人为善;3．少私寡欲,知足知止——强调节制物欲,调整期望值;4．知和处下,以柔胜刚——强调虚静恬淡,调整心态;5．自知者明,自胜者强——强调自我意识,正确评价自己。     

用爱心开启学生的口

爱心是每个教师必备的教育素养之一,也是教师良好师德的重要体现。胆怯型和内敛型的学生往往不爱发言或不敢大声发言。对待这样的学生教师要多关注,倾注爱心,让学生敢说,建立和谐的师生关系,让学生爱说,用爱心开启学生的口。     

标准化学业成就测验的发展与现状

本文对近百年来国内外标准化成就测验的发展和现状进行了回顾和总结.以美国为代表的欧美国家的心理和教育测验涵盖了多种类型,在MMY中标准化成就测验是数量最多的三大测验之一,占心理测验的近1/4.我国系统的标准化成就测验研究始于本世纪初,占整个心理测验的1%左右.虽然标准化成就测验发展经历了近百年历史,但是仍存在着一些问题.     

少数民族汉语写作教学中的偏误分析及对策

写作课是一门学习对汉字、词汇、语法、书写格式、标调符号等进行综合运用的语言实践课。其教学目的是培养学生运用汉语进行书面表达,不断纠正错误,排除母语干扰,逐步提高汉语书面表达能力。随着“民族汉考”的推广,写作课也成为少数民族汉语教学中不可忽视的内容。本文就针对少数民族汉语写作教学中发现的偏误,从书写格式上、语言上的偏误进行分析,提出对策,进一步提供语言知识,文化知识,写作技巧来指导学习者写作,从而帮助大家提高写作水平。     

心理学中因素分析方法的应用及其发展

近几年来,因素分析方法是心理学中应用最为广泛的统计方法之一。就其具体的应用方法而言,主要包括探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。在此,就这两种因素分析具体应用中的差异进行比较,对其步骤厦优缺点进行论述,并从具体研究方法的发展方面进行了展望。