History of physical and/or sexual abuse and current suicidality in college women

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a history of physical and/or sexual abuse and current suicidality in college-age women. It was hypothesized that abuse history would significantly predict level of suicidality. A secondary hypothesis was that abuse status would predict attitudes about life and death. METHOD: Female college students (n = 707) were screened for histories of childhood (before age 15) and adulthood (after age 15) contact sexual abuse and physical abuse sequelae. Ninety-five women reported a history of childhood sexual abuse, 116 adult sexual abuse, 104 child physical abuse, and 55 adult physical abuse. Participants completed measures of attitudes about life and death and current suicidal ideation. RESULTS: Child physical abuse and child sexual abuse accounted for variance in current suicidal ideation. Adult sexual abuse explained variance in positive attitudes about life. Adult physical abuse, adult sexual abuse, and child sexual abuse accounted for variance in negative attitudes about life. Finally, child sexual abuse and adult sexual abuse accounted for variance in fear of death. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed assessment of female college students' abuse histories should facilitate understanding of their level of suicide risk. Patterns of attitudes about life and death may also be informative.     

非认知测验理论的新进展——概化等级展开模型概述

概化等级展开模型是目前心理测量领域态度和人格测验编制中比较完善的一种模型.本文首先比较展开模型相对于其他模型所具有的独到优势,揭示出展开模型是一种对称的非单调性模型;然后对概化等级展开模型的基本思想和步骤进行介绍,包括参数估计、模型的误差分析,再到项目与测验信息函数的估计;最后对模型的优势和不足进行总结,并对其应用前景进行预测.     

积极心理学对临床心理学的影响初探

积极心理学是20世纪末美国心理学界兴起的新研究领域,它的兴起与发展对不同的学术领域及心理学的各个分支都产生了巨大的影响。临床心理学作为心理学的一个重要分支也不例外,心理诊断与测量的标准和手段、心理治疗的理论模式都受到了积极心理学的影响而发生着深刻的变化。此研究旨在对这些影响进行初步的整理和分类并对其发展进行展望。     

全国教育心理学术讨论会在长沙召开

中国心理学会教育心理专业委员会的首次学术讨论会于一九八五年十一月二十五日至三十日在长沙湖南师范大学召开,来自全国二十八个省市自治区的九十二名代表(除台湾、西藏外)参加了大会。大会收到了九十六篇论文。会议的中心议题是教育心理学如何为培养社会主义建设人才服务,为当前教育改革提供理论依据,探索教育改革中的心理学问题,以及在推动教育改革的研究中发展具有我国自己特色的教育心     

Childbirth education for parents experiencing pregnancy after perinatal loss

Expectant parents who have experienced previous perinatal loss have special concerns, which can be partially addressed by modifying prepared childbirth education courses. This article presents a review of current literature, highlighting the unique needs of expectant parents who have experienced previous pregnancy loss. Modifications to traditional childbirth education courses are suggested, which include addressing parents' grief, managing anxiety, and facilitating communication with health-care providers and others.     

Language ability and verbal and nonverbal executive functioning in deaf students communicating in spoken English

The internal use of language during problem solving is considered to play a key role in executive functioning. This role provides a means for self-reflection and self-questioning during the formation of rules and plans and a capacity to control and monitor behavior during problem-solving activity. Given that increasingly sophisticated language is required for effective executive functioning as an individual matures, it is likely that students with poor language abilities will have difficulties performing complex problem-solving tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between language ability and verbal and nonverbal executive functioning in a group of deaf students who communicate using spoken English, as measured by their performance on two standardized tests of executive function: the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) 20 Questions Test and the D-KEFS Tower Test. Expressive language ability accounted for more than 40% of variability in performance on the D-KEFS 20 Questions Test. There was no significant relationship between language ability and performance on the D-KEFS Tower Test. There was no relationship between language ability and familiarity with the specific problem-solving strategies of both D-KEFS Tests. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Hiring criteria, duties, and professional growth opportunities for residential staff at schools for the deaf: a survey

Seventy-three schools identifying themselves as having a residential program for deaf students were surveyed to determine demographic information about dormitory staff, qualifications required for employment in the residential program, opportunities for continuing education, and issues relating to the roles and responsibilities of dorm employees. The data showed that schools are committed to providing in-service education for the dorm workers but have minimal educational requirements for employment in their residential programs. The data were compared to the Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf (CEASD) Certification Requirements for Dormitory Counselors. Recommendations are made in regard to the updating of the CEASD certification requirements; the authors also recommend that schools make a stronger commitment to upholding those requirements.     

汉语教学中的"形似同音字"问题

写别字与汉字中数量较多的形似同音字有直接关系。别字给我们的生活和工作都带来很多不便。应该重视辨析形似同音字，汉语教学更应注意这一点。