Pupil authors and teacher innovators

This article explores three aspects regarding the supporting of teaching and learning through ICT. First, the use and value of storyboarding as a preferable technique prior to the creation of a pupil‐authored CD‐ROM by children aged 9 and 14. Second, responses to the innovation by practising teachers. Third, lessons learned from trying to incorporate the CD‐ROM within UK teacher training. The article ends with suggestions regarding future ICT training approaches. The content of the CD‐ROM was centred on environmental education and the use of local wildlife sites in the UK. In summary, the paper suggests that there are considerable learning gains to be had from enabling children to create their own multimedia sequences but that institutional constraints make these difficult to achieve. School‐based teacher education in the UK currently restricts the opportunity for experimentation and innovation, which, in turn, impacts on the full potential of teaching and learning through ICT.

Cet article explore trois facettes de la question du soutien que les technologies de l'information et de la communication apportent à l'enseignement et à l'apprentissage. Premièrement, l'utilisation et la contribution des scénarimages comme technique préalable préférable à la réalisation d'un CD ROM par des élèves âgés de 9 à 14 ans. Deuxièmement, les réactions des professeurs en exercice vis‐à‐vis de cette innovation. Troisièmement, les leçons tirées des tentatives d'incorporation des CD ROMS dans la formation des profs au Royaume‐Uni. L'article se termine par des suggestions concernant l'approche future de la formation aux technologies de la communication et de l'information. Le contenu du CD ROM était centré sur l'éducation environnementale et l'utilisation des sites de la vie sauvage locale au Royaume –Uni. En résumé, l'article suggère qu'il existe de véritables bénéfices pour l'apprentissage, à donner la possibilité aux enfants de créer leurs propres séquences multimédia mais que les contraintes institutionnelles rendent cela difficile à réaliser. Le système anglais de la formation des professeurs, basée sur les stages en école, réduit la possibilité d'innover. En retour, cela a un impact sur le potentiel total de l'enseignement et l'apprentissage à travers les technologies de l'information et de la communication.

Este artículo explora tres aspectos referentes a la contribución de la tecnología de comunicación e información a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. En primer lugar, el uso y valor de la invención de historias como técnica previa a la creación de un CD‐ROM cuyos autores son alumnos de 9 a 14 años. En segundo lugar, las respuestas que algunos profesores en ejercicio dieron a tal innovación. Por último, las conclusiones extraídas tras intentar incorporar el CD‐ROM a la formación del profesorado en el Reino Unido. El artículo termina con sugerencias relativas al posible enfoque para el aprendizaje de la tecnología de comunicación e información en el futuro. El contenido del CD‐ROM estaba basado en la educación medioambiental y el uso de las reservas naturales en el Reino Unido. En resumen, el trabajo sugiere que existen ventajas educativas importantes para los alumnos al poder crear sus propias secuencias multimedia, pero las restricciones institucionales dificultan su obtención. La formación del profesorado en el Reino Unido, basado en la experiencia escolar, limita en la actualidad las oportunidades de éste para experimentar e innovar, lo que, a su vez, repercute en el pleno potencial de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje a través de la tecnología de comunicación e información.

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit drei Aspekten des Lehrens und Lernens bzgl. deren Erweiterung durch Einbeziehung von Informationstechnologie (Informatik). Erstens: Anwendung und Wert eines ‘Drehplans’ als bevorzugte Methode. Der ‘Drehplan’ gilt als Vorbereitung für eine CD‐ROM, welche von den Autoren, Schülern im Alter von 9 und 14 Jahren, selbst gestaltet wird. Zweitens: Reaktionen auf die Innovation seitens praktizierender Lehrer. Drittens: Erfahrungen aus Versuchen, die CD‐ROM in der britischen Lehrerausbildung einzusetzen. Der Artikel schließt mit Vorschlägen, wie man in Zukunft das Training in Informationstechnologie einführen könnte. Inhaltlich konzentriert sich die CD‐ROM einerseits auf Umwelterziehung (im allgemeinen und im globalen Sinn), andererseits auf Nutzung und Benutzung von Naturschutzgebieten in britischen Orten. In der Zusammenfassung wird dargelegt, dass Kinder zwar beträchtlich profitieren, wenn sie zur Erstellung selbst kreierter multimedialer Sequenzen angeregt werden, dies jedoch im beschränkten schulischen Rahmen nur schwer zu erreichen ist. Die britische, in der Schule stattfindende Lehrerausbildung schränkt gegenwärtig Chancen zum Experimentieren und Innovieren ein, was sich, umgekehrt, auf das gesamte Lehr‐ und Lernpotential im Bereich der Informationstechnologie auswirkt.     

Making connections and making friends: social interactions between two children labelled with special educational needs and their peers in a nursery setting

This paper reports on a pilot study of the social interactions between two children labelled with special educational needs and their peers in an early years setting. Data from play observations and staff interviews are used to examine the dynamics of friendship groups that the two children have developed and the way that they attempt to make new connections with other children. Comparisons between the two children’s interactions with their recurrent playmates and less familiar peers are drawn and the significance of their agency in making decisions about developing relationships is highlighted. A theme that also emerges is that staff facilitating rather than directing interactions between the two children and their peers has the most positive impact. Areas for further investigation are suggested including the range of relationships that children identified with special educational needs establish with their peers and the nature of adult support that most effectively supports friendships between all children.     

The Law of Mass Communications

David G. Clark and Earl R. Hutchinson, Mass Media and the Law: Freedom and Restraint (Wiley-Interscionco, $12.95)

John M. Kittross and Konnoth Harwood, Free & Fair: Courtroom Access and the Fairness Doctrino (Journal of Broadcasting, Temple University, $3.95)

Paul W. MacAvoy's The Crisis of the Regulatory Commissions: An Introduction to a Current Issue of Public Policy (Norton, $5.95; paper, $2.95)

Eric Moon, Book Selection and Consorship in the Sixties (Hawker, $10.95)

Edward De Grazia's Censorship Landmarks (Hawker, $19.75)     

Photography

Pamela Jeffcott Parry's Photography Index: A Guide to Reproductions (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979–$25.00)

Hilary Evans' The Art of Picture Research: A Guide to Current Practice, Procedure, Techniques and Resources (Newton Abbot, Y.K.; and North Pomfret, Vt.: David & Charles, 1979—$28.00)

Melissa Milar, ed. 1980 Photographer's Market: Where to Sell Your Photographs (Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer's Digest Rooks, 1979—$12.95)

Photographis '79 (New York: Hastings House, 1979–$49.50)

John Sander's Photography Year Book 1979 (New York: Fountain Press/Hastings House, 1979—$24.95)

Harold E. Edgerton and James R. Killian, Jr.'s Moments of Vision: The Stroboscopic Revolution in Photography (Cambridge, Ma.: MIT Press, 1979—$20.00)

Deborah Turbeville's Wallflower (New York: Congreve Publishing Co, 1978—$27.50)

Robert L. Kerns' Photojournalism: Photography with a Purpose (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980—$14.95)

Focalguide to Slides by Graham Saxby (New York: Focal/Hastings House, 1979- 46.95, Paper)

Focalguide to Close-Ups by Sidney F. Ray (1978--$6.95, paper)     

Dynamic Rhetorics of Race: California's Racial Privacy Initiative and the Shifting Grounds of Racial Politics

In October 2003, Californians voted in the high-profile gubernatorial recall election and on what is referred to as the “Racial Privacy Initiative.” The Initiative sought to prohibit the gathering of racial data in education and state employment. Unlike recent such initiatives addressing California's racial laws, this one was unsuccessful: 62 percent of voters said no. This essay examines the discourse surrounding the initiative over its three-year history and traces the rhetorical dynamics that led to its defeat. The analysis details the implications of this moment for hegemonic processes in general and as they relate to the specifics of race.     

Extract from new understandings of teachers' pedagogic knowledge 1

Abstract

The focus of this article is a comparative review of the science curriculum for England and Wales from the perspective of recent developments in the United States of America, Australia, New Zealand and the Canadian province of Ontario. In the comparison of science curriculum documents and the language deployed, questions are raised about differences as well as commonalities among and between documents from various jurisdictions. Issues discussed include: the varying emphases upon science topics and/or intended learning outcomes; integration with other curriculum areas; the content and organization of the science curriculum; and ways of assessing students’ performances and understandings. The article draws attention to the importance of comparative analysis which informs our understanding of the effects of curriculum change, its relation to students’ achievements in science, and the need to support the development of teachers.     

The role of materialism on social,emotional and behavioural difficulties for British adolescents

The relationship between materialism and social-emotional behavioural difficulties (SEBDs) was assessed by comparing a sample of adolescents receiving in-school behavioural support with adolescents not receiving any support. All participants completed the Youth Materialism Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Binary logistic regression indicated that adolescents who reported higher levels of materialism were more likely to be classified into a group considered ‘at-risk’ for developing conduct and peer problems. Hierarchical logistic regression assessed the moderation of behavioural support and indicated that adolescents in receipt of behavioural support who reported higher levels of materialism were at a greater risk of hyperactivity in comparison to those who receive support but reported lower levels of materialism. For adolescents not receiving behavioural support, less materialistic attitudes placed them at a greater risk of hyperactivity. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between different SEBD typologies and the potential effects of materialism during adolescence.     

Automatic assessment of cognitive and emotional states in virtual reality-based flexibility training for four adolescents with autism

Tracking students’ learning states to provide tailored learner support is a critical element of an adaptive learning system. This study explores how an automatic assessment is capable of tracking learners’ cognitive and emotional states during virtual reality (VR)-based representational-flexibility training. This VR-based training program aims to promote the flexibility of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in interpreting, selecting and creating multimodal representations during STEM-related design problem solving. For the automatic assessment, we used both natural language processing (NLP) and machine-learning techniques to develop a multi-label classification model. We then trained the model with the data from a total of audio- and video-recorded 66 training sessions of four adolescents with ASD. To validate the model, we implemented both k-fold cross-validations and the manual evaluations by expert reviewers. The study finding suggests the feasibility of implementing the NLP and machine-learning driven automatic assessment to track and assess the cognitive and emotional states of individuals with ASD during VR-based flexibility training. The study finding also denotes the importance and viability of providing adaptive supports to maintain learners’ cognitive and affective engagement in a highly interactive digital learning environment.