Lipid abnormalities,lipoprotein (a) and apoprotein pattern in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease

The present study was carried out to explore the altered lipid, lipoprotein and apoprotein abnormalities along with lipoprotein (a) in chronic kidney disease patients with stage I to V which were further divided into group 1 (stage I and II), group 2 (stage III and IV) and group 3 (stage V). 50 chronic kidney disease patients with stage I to V and 20 healthy normal subjects as controls were recruited for this study. Among the various parameters tested triglyceride levels were high in group 1 and 2, whereas VLDL cholesterol, Lp (a) and apo B levels were significantly high in all the groups when compared to controls (P<0.05). However, LDL cholesterol level was significantly low in group 3 only as compared to control group (P<0.05). Apoprotein AI values also showed significant decrease in all groups as compared to controls (P<0.05). Though total cholesterol levels in group 1 and LDL levels in group 1 and 2 were higher than controls, but the values attained not statistically significant (P>0.05). In conclusion high levels of VLDL cholesterol, Lp (a), apo B and low levels of apoprotein AI as reported in this study are the major lipid disorders in the development of cardiovascular complications at all the stages in these patients.     

东南亚华人财团的地位和作用论析

本文总体阐述东盟国家华人财团叨年代的发展战略、在所在国经济中的相对实力和地位以及在东盟国家经济发展中所起的作用。     

Enzyme kinetics? Elementary, my dear …

Catalysis is essential to make many critical biochemical reactions proceed at useful rates under physiological conditions. We had earlier discussed in Part 1¹ the basic principles of enzyme catalysis and derived the Michaelis-Menten equation. In this article, the significance of kinetic parameters and analysis of kinetic data will be discussed.     

Machine translation

Machine translation is the study of designing systems that translate from one human language into another. This is a hard problem, since processing natural language requires work at several levels, and complexities and ambiguities arise at each of those levels. Some pragmatic approaches can be used to tackle these issues, leading to extremely useful systems. This article introduces the main concepts, issues and techniques involved in machine translation, and looks at some applications.     

论国际政治中的国家利益

国家利益概念的形成经过了长期的发展过程。国家利益的属性主要是指它的具体性和抽象性、特殊性和普遍性、阶级性和民族性。国家利益在国际政治中起着关键性的作用。     

The liquid state

The liquid state is more complicated than either the gaseous or the solid crystalline state. However, using X-ray and neutron diffraction on the one hand and computer simulation on the other, detailed information has been obtained on the structure and dynamics of the liquid state.     

数学在文学,艺术及音乐中的集锦

数学在文学、艺术及音乐中的应用．