Anticipatory socialization of graduate students

Most observers in higher education and most faculty agree that more student-oriented teachers are needed; but there is no consensus on how to get them. Options include finding new faculty and/or changing present faculty. The latter seems practically impossible, since most faculty are intransigent, and faculty development is addressed to too few. Graduate education, too, is unlikely to change, as present faculty guide its directions. The alternative is to find students with the proper dispositions on entrance to graduate schools. The question addressed herein is whether among current admittees to graduate schools there are sufficient numbers of persons with orientations significantly different from those of current faculty. The article reports on empirical assessments of preferences for 320 discrete tasks in the academic role by accepted graduate school applicants and younger and older faculty.This paper was presented at the 17th Annual Meeting of the Association for Institutional Research, Montreal, Canada, May 9, 1977. The research was supported by a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare.     

Structured cognitive discussions in senior high school physics: Student and teacher perceptions

Concern with the quality of student engagement and learning in senior high school physics has been evident for many years. In this study we have focussed on student engagement. Three tasks that utilised a structured discussion, approach to learning concepts in mechanics were developed in collaborative work with two Year 11 physics teachers. These tasks demanded an initial individual response from each student, then a single response from groups of three, and then a whole class interpretive dicussion led by the teacher and based on the group responses. We report the detail of reactions of students and teachers to these tasks in the two classes taught by the teachers involved in the development of the tasks, and more general reactions from a further seven Year 11 physics classes.     

合作教育:我国研究型大学研究生教育发展的新方向

经过20余年的持续发展,我国研究生教育已经进入了一个重要的转型时期,研究型大学要培养科学大师,也要培养工业企业技术研发英才。发展研究生合作教育既是我国研究生教育发展的必然选择,也是研究型大学走向社会,促进经济发展和工业繁荣的重要手段。发展研究生合作教育应当理顺校企关系,建立完善的合作教育机制;加大研究生教育制度改革力度,创造有利的制度环境;加强研究生实践创新能力培养,造就大批企业高级研发人才;开展“双师型”教师的培养,建设一支能够胜任合作教育的导师队伍。     

以对话为学习策略的小学语文教学模式探索

以对话为学习策略的语文课堂教学模式旨在构建以“对话核心主题”为中心点、以“对话分主题”为线索、以“对话依托点”为具体内容的课堂操作程式。实验研究表明,实验班学生对语文课学习的兴趣明显提高,语文“双基”得到较好的落实,并拓展了学生思维的广度与深度,激发了学生的创新意识,提升了学生的学习能力。     

现有技术抗辩适用规则:法律规定中的差异及其解析

现有技术抗辩“入法”,是中国《专利法》第三次修改中的一项重要内容,现有技术抗辩从此实现了从司法原则到立法原则的转变。第三次修改的2008年《专利法》（下称《专利法》）第六十二条规定：“在专利侵权纠纷中,被控侵权人有证据证明其实施的技术或者设计属于现有技术或者设计的,不构成侵犯专利权。     

论垄断行为的民事救济

我国《反垄断法》第50条规定,“经营者实施垄断行为,给他人造成损失的,依法承担民事责任”,即我国法律明确了民事诉讼为《反垄断法》的实施方式。反垄断民事诉讼,又称反垄断私人诉讼,是指公民、法人和其他组织等垄断行为利害关系人依据《反垄断法》直接向法院提起诉讼,     

Engineering design in the classroom: Is it good science education or is it revolting?

The changing emphasis of science education today includes a shift from a narrowly disciplinary view of science to a more socially and technologically situated perspective. This article reports on the implementation of engineering design projects in about two dozen U. S. secondary science classrooms, following an inservice professional development course conducted at a university engineering college. Using data from an evaluation of the project and three sociological themes—secrecy and ownership, social persuasion and the status of facts, and the relationship between money and science—I argue that technological design projects provide a sociologically fruitful approach for teaching new themes in science education. However, teachers must rethink the nature of their subject matter, something that may be difficult if their training was disciplinary in emphasis.     

Student response to the TIMSS test

The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) involved 47 countries, thousands of students, and their teachers and schools. Included in the battery of tests and other instruments was a Student Questionnaire that was concerned with the personal and school contexts of the students in relation to their mathematics and science learning. Quite late in the planning of this very expensive study, it transpired that no country had considered gathering data on the students’ sense of the relevance of the science topics in the achievement tests, of their science learning, or, their metacognitive awareness of this learning. This paper reports one last minute attempt to collect these data from one group of student in Population 3—the students in the final year of schooling. Like many other aspects of TIMSS, the psychometric dominance in its design meant that this study was logistically very difficult, but some interesting findings are reported.