《化学反应速率的影响条件》自主学习型教学设计

本文通过笔者的新课标教学的实践,认为新课程标准下的教学必须对知识进行整合创造;师生互动中融入合作;课堂讲求开放,提倡学生的自主学习但注重实效。并就《化学反应速率的影响条件》这堂课进行了尝试和反思。教学中充分调动学生积极性,联系生活,进行实验探究。     

近十年体育教师专业能力研究综述

通过对近十年我国体育教师专业能力的文献收集,将其分为中小学和大学两大类,并对每类文献做结构、现状、策略的综述。研究方法为文献资料法,逻辑分析法。研究结果:学者对体育教师专业能力结构的见解具有交叉性,但缺少统一的认识,研究范围较小,不足以代表合格教师所应具备的专业能力;现状和策略的研究较为陈旧,对提出的策略没有进一步跟进,策略缺乏创新,需要更深层次的研究。     

Simultaneous changes in seed size,oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here, re-sequencing data from >800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on GmSWEET10a. The selection of GmSWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover, GmSWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue GmSWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele GmSWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal GmSWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele GmSWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.     

我国图书情报领域期刊论文的科学数据引用特征研究

[目的/意义] 探索期刊论文科学数据引用特征与规律不仅有助于描述学科领域对科学数据的利用情况，还能够揭示学术成果表达中的数据引用模式。[方法/过程] 以我国图书情报领域6种期刊2017年与2018年第一期刊载论文为样本，结合国家标准《信息技术科学数据引用》的引用元素，采用内容分析法从9个维度对样本论文的科学数据引用行为进行数据编码，应用统计学方法描述图书情报领域期刊论文科学数据引用特征并探索不同维度特征间的关联关系。[结果/结论] 图书情报领域期刊论文广泛引用来自国内外的统计整理类科学数据，对期刊论文中个人研究科学数据的引用量较大；科学数据引用标注方式与科学数据类型存在一定对应关系，但多样化的标注方式缺乏统一性；二手引用现象较为突出，二手引用程度与科学数据创建者类型相关。     

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.     

逻辑经验主义的可证实原则述评

逻辑经验主义视可证实原则为判断任何命题(或陈述)是否具有意义的根本方法和重要标准。可证实原则包含经验证实和逻辑证实两方面内容。本文通过阐明可证实原则的合理性及其难以克服的缺陷,从而说明逻辑经验主义在寻求意义判定标准上的失败。     

十年来国内幼儿教师专业发展研究的热点、趋势及展望——基于CiteSpaceⅡ可视化分析

统计中国知网2003—2013年的相关文献,运用可视化工具Cite SpaceⅡ绘制图谱可以发现,十年来该领域研究热点主要集中在幼儿教师专业发展背景、对象、内容、方式四方面;今后研究趋势主要有相关理论知识的引入、专业成长路径的探索、国外先进经验的借鉴、新型教师培训方式以及信息技术与幼儿课程整合的探讨。面向现实,我国幼儿教师专业发展研究应注重理论与实践结合、外控式专业发展与内驱式自我发展统一、国外知识借鉴与国内经验总结结合、个体成长与集体发展共赢、传统载体与新型平台整合。     

AutoCAD图纸自动批阅和复制检测系统的研究与开发

实验和具体应用表明,AutoCAD图纸自动批阅和复制检测系统,能够有效减少学生复制作业的行为,降低了教师的工作量,并且批阅的结果较准确,提升了教学的质量.     

从合作原则的违反看中国传统相声的幽默效应

中国传统相声通常使用特定的修辞手法如隐喻、反语、夸张和谐音等,打破合作原则,生成会话隐义.这些"不合作"话语与相声中特定的情景因素重合,从而产生一种幽默滑稽的语言效果,使相声语言更加丰富多彩、诙谐有趣,从而增强了相声的艺术表达效果.