On referee bias, crowd size, and home advantage in the English soccer Premiership

In a recent paper in this journal, Boyko and colleagues (2007) identified differences in attendance and referee bias as factors influencing home advantage at soccer matches in the English Premiership. A replication of their study using more recent data found no evidence to sustain either of their claims.     

Correlations between serum and salivary hormonal concentrations in response to resistance exercise

The aim of present study was to examine the relationships between serum and salivary values of free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and cortisol before and after a session of resistance exercise. Twenty-eight healthy men (mean age 40 years, s = 4) participated in the present study. Serum and salivary samples were collected at rest and after a multiple-sets resistance exercise protocol, of approximately 25 minutes duration. Concentrations of free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and cortisol were measured using radioimmunoassay kits. No significant correlation was observed between serum free testosterone and salivary testosterone (r = 0.22 to 0.26, P > 0.05). Serum cortisol was significantly correlated with salivary cortisol before (r = 0.52, P = 0.005) and after (r = 0.62, P = 0.001) the exercise protocol. Serum and salivary concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone were significantly correlated before (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and after (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) exercise. The results of the present study suggest that even under exercise conditions, the salivary values of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone can reflect the behaviour of these hormones in blood. However, further studies are necessary to verify if salivary testosterone reflects the behaviour of serum free testosterone during resistance exercise.     

On Higher Education Selected Writings,1956-2006

正作为一个专门学术领域,高等教育研究的历史并不长,加州洛杉矶大学伯顿·克拉克教授是该领域的奠基人之一。《论高等教育:1956-2006年文选》汇集了克拉克在不同时期有代表性的若干学术作品,不仅反映了作者个人的学术成长轨迹,而且在一定程度上反映了高等教育研究领域的历史演进。该书由四部分构成,四个部分既是按照主题也是按照时间顺序编排的。     

Digital information evolution: the AIDS Library experience

The AIDS Library evolved out of consumer health activism in response to the need for the latest HIV information, materials, and technology. In 1998, staff implemented a microcomputer-based integrated automated library system with Web publishing capability to link catalogs, databases of Philadelphia regional services, online publications, and fact sheets. The Web site, , became "live" December 1, 1998. History leading to its development and future plans are presented.     

Environmental news: coverage of the Earth Summit by Brazilian newspapers

This article examines how two important Brazilian newspapers (Floha de S. Paulo and O Globo) covered the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or Earth Summit. The analysis will also determine the characteristics of the environmental media and its significance when it comes to coverage of environmental issues. This article provides historical background information on the environmental media in the US and in Brazil, contextual information on the Earth Summit, a content analysis of stories about UNCED published by the two Brazilian newspapers. Overall, 649 news items were used to determine the type of sources used, as well as the kind of issues covered. The analysis showed that government officials were the most frequently cited sources, while environmentalists and scientists were all but ignored as news sources. The analysis also indicated that economic issues were surprisingly prominent in the coverage. These results are compatible with the previous studies done in several countries and indicate that environmental media are still extremely reliant on "official" voices. The finding also highlight the fact that the range of issues covered by the environmental media largely reflects the perceived public agenda.     

在中国的文化人类学家和教士——大卫·克罗克特·葛维汉（下）

六、人类学的田野调查在中国的这么多年间 ,葛维汉对四川西藏交界地区、四川云南交界地区和四川省内及周边地区进行了十五次夏季考察。这些关于他的人类学田野调查的情况是从《1 92 3年— 1 93 6年大卫·克罗克特·葛维汉论文指南》 (罗森威格 ,1 984年 )和各种葛维汉写的有关其搜集之旅的文章和书籍中搜集的。在可能的情况下 ,我已经试着写了一些与此相关的文章 ,描述这些考察。在一些情况下 ,没有关于这些考察的笔录 ,而找到的参考资料又没有注明日期。在本章末尾 ,是一份我尽可能搜集到的有关这些调查的暂时编年目录。1 92 1年 ,葛维汉第…     

美国LITA：图书馆现代化的里程碑

本文对LITA的产生发展作了较为详细的回顾，并简单预测了其今后的发展前景。