Quantum algorithms: A?survey of some recent results

Quantum algorithms are a field of growing interest within the theoretical computer science as well as the physics community. Surprisingly, although the number of researchers working on the subject is ever-increasing, the number of quantum algorithms found so far is quite small. In fact, the task of designing new quantum algorithms has been proven to be extremely difficult. In this paper we give an overview of the known quantum algorithms and briefly describe the underlying ideas. Roughly, the algorithms presented are divided into hidden subgroup type algorithms and in amplitude amplification type algorithms. While the former deal with problems of group-theoretical nature and have the promise to yield strong separations of classical and quantum algorithms, the latter have been proved to be a prolific source of algorithms in which a polynomial speed-up as compared to classical algorithms can be achieved. We also discuss quantum algorithms which do not fall under these two categories and give a survey of techniques of general interest in quantum computing such as adiabatic computing, lower bounds for quantum algorithms, and quantum interactive proofs.     

Publisher and author partnerships: a changing landscape

This article discusses the changing relationships of authors and publishers, the current trends and challenges they face, and the direction of these relationships in the future. As the STM publishing industry finds itself in the midst of significant technological and economic changes, this article provides background to these changes and looks at the key elements, including open access business development, institutional repository trends, and emerging public financing policies in the future.     

Maintaining Discipline in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society during the National Socialist Regime

In responding to incidents of internal ‘indiscipline’, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society many times asserted its authority, sometimes in cooperation with agencies of the Nazi regime. Following the Second World War, however, the KWS represented itself as having been intrinsically anti-Nazi. This essay describes the assumptions inherent in this view, and points to its wider implications for post-war German science.     

四周常压模拟高住低练对女子赛艇运动员血清睾酮、皮质醇及血睾酮／皮质醇的影响

目的:探讨4周常压模拟高住低练训练法对女子赛艇运动员血清睾酮、皮质醇及血睾酮/皮质醇等的影响。方法:系统观察了7名女子赛艇运动员(实验组)进行4周高住低练(2500m)训练前、训练期间第1周、第2周、第4周及训练后第1周和第2周这些指标的变化,并与6名低住低练运动员(对照组)进行比较分析。结果:(1)4周高住低练使女子赛艇运动员血清T水平呈先降后升之势,4周结束后仍低于实验前水平,并且至少持续2周;(2)4周高住低练期间运动员血清皮质醇水平降低,实验结束后2周恢复到实验前水平;(3)4周高住低练期间Hb和RBC的变化与T和T/C的变化并不一致,实验前后比较,前两者总体趋势是升高,而后两者总体趋势是下降。结论:4周高住低练使血清T水平先降后升,血清C水平降低,这可能与低氧刺激导致血液Hb和RBC逐渐升高以及机体合成代谢相对增强有关。