Relation of maternal cognitive stimulation, emotional support, and intrusive behavior during Head Start to children's kindergarten cognitive abilities

The current study examined how parental cognitive stimulation, emotional support, and intrusiveness measured during children's prekindergarten year were related to children's verbal and nonverbal abilities 1 year later. Participants were 110 Head Start children and their caregivers from primarily rural and low-income backgrounds. Analysis of children's scores on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities confirmed the predictive utility of cognitive stimulation, emotional support, and intrusive behavior for perceptual scores (20% of the unique variance) as well as the predictive utility of emotional support and intrusive behavior for verbal scores (15% of the unique variance). Parental emotional support during guidance of problem solving (positive feedback) explained statistically significant unique variance in children's perceptual scores beyond other measures of emotional support. Cognitive stimulation moderated the relation between positive feedback and perceptual scores. Although other syntactic forms of maternal utterances such as commands did not explain statistically significant unique variance in children's scores beyond emotional support and intrusive behavior, mothers' questions did. Specific policy implications of the effects are discussed.     

视觉：意识的窗户

当你乍一看到Salvador Dali的绘画(左)中间的图象时，你看到了什么?大多数人的第一印象都是一个男人的脸——两眼凝望着天空，浓密的髭须下嘴唇噘起。当你定睛再看时，这幅图象又变成了一幅更为复杂的画面。男人的鼻子和白色髭须原来是一个坐着的女人的帽子和披肩。他眼里的微光成了坐落在黑暗山坡上的两座村庄里窗户的闪光——或是天花板的反光。     

物质和光的二象性

在量子力学中，物体既可以表现出粒子的特性，也可以表现出波的特性，研究工作现在突出显示了这样一个事实，即这类互补特性要比人们曾经认识到的更为深刻。     

智能的出现

语言、预见能力，音乐才能以及智能的其它种种标志通过一种增进快速运动的基本官能而互相联系起来。     

赚钱新方式

读了有关股票、金融和因特网的商业杂志，你将会有两个很深的感触。其一就是每日交易非常之危险，因特网把投资经营变成了一个大输大赢的赌场。其二，每个人都是靠因特网的泡沫股票发家致富，所以泡沫很快就会破灭(但也可能不会)。然而，存在一个更加微妙、也更加有趣的问题：因特网是民主化金融吗?     

美国的少数民族及其学士学位获得率

美国青年的学士学位获得率从1900年的2％，上升到1950年的19％(当时，许许多多的退伍军人借助于G．I．法案涌进了大学校园)，后又上升到1999年的32％。第二次世界大战之后，伴随着高等教育的发展，美国的高校日益强调择优录取新生，而不是按学费支付能力来录取新生。当时，优点主要以中学的评分以及包括学习     

物理科学：宇宙新闻

超新星1987A、银河系中心、暗物质透镜等等。1989年1月，John Horgan出席了在波士顿举行的美国天文学会会议。下面是他对该会议上讨论的四个专题所作的报导：