The role of reduced frequency of knowledge of results during constant practice

Two experiments were conducted to further examine the effects of reduced knowledge of results (KR) frequency on the learning of motor skills during constant practice. In Experiment 1, participants in five KR conditions (100% KR, 50% KR-fade, 50% KR-reverse fade, 50% KR-alternative, and 50% KR-random) practiced a movement timing task. In Experiment 2, participants in two KR conditions (100% KR and 50% KR-fade) practiced a waveform reproduction task. The results of both experiments failed to indicate that reduced KR frequency was more effective in promoting learning than the 100% KR conditions. The present study adds to the increasing number of experiments that do not find a benefit of reduced KR frequency on learning in constant practice.     

Adjunct question effects with review

The effects on retention of adjunct questions either placed at the end of a passage or inserted after their respective paragraphs within the passage were examined. The high school subjects were encouraged to review the materials after encountering the questions, a departure from traditional procedures in the field. Both treatments led to superior retention of the previously questioned facts when compared to a passage-only control group, but did not increase retention of previously unquestioned facts. The position of the adjunct questions did not differentially affect performance. The discrepancy of the results from those traditionally reported are interpreted in terms of the procedures employed.     

Young weightlifters' performance across time

Prestigious professional organisations have questioned the efficacy of resistive training by children or have often neglected to address weightlifting in their position papers on resistive training for children. The purpose of this paper was to address the deficit in data regarding the efficacy of training children for weightlifting and to report data regarding to safety in this population. Eleven subjects (3 female, 8 male) who had trained at the USA Weightlifting Development Centre in Shreveport Louisiana for a minimum of 22 months (mean = 28.8; SD +/- 4.4) served as subjects for this study. Means for the pool of subjects subjected to t-test to compare data obtained at each subject's initial competition with that obtained at the individual's most recent competition revealed significant positive changes in body weight, snatch weight, clean and jerk weight, and total weight lifted. The latter three were significant both in absolute weight and in weight lifted per kg of body weight. Total weight lifted at competitions plotted separately for boys and for girls across time indicated an apparently steeper slope of improvement for boys. The latter were not tested for significance because of the small sample sizes. The lack of injury in training and in 534 competitive lifts was discussed. None required medical attention or loss of training time. It was concluded that there can be no doubt regarding the efficacy of weightlifting as carried out at the USA Weightlifting Development Centre. The importance of proper application of scientific theory of conditioning in a conservative manner for this population was emphasised.     

移动通信增值服务的运营模式研究

在移动通信话音业务为主的时代,移动通信产业链的结构非常简单,但在增值业务时代,产业链的结构逐渐复杂化.从产业链的理论出发,对移动通信增值服务产业链及各环节进行了详细全面的分析,提出了相应的策略和建议.     

谈写"引言"

绝大多数论文和许多一般性文章的开头都有引言,这好像已经成了一种惯例. 有必要写好引言,因为它是论文或一般性文章的一个组成部分,而且比较重要.说它重要,是因为一般在此处交代本题的目的、性质和范围,述评文献,阐述理论基础,提出问题与假设,说明研究方法、研究结果与论纲,以至为术语定义,交代待研究问题等.这些,实际上是正文的背景材料,用以表明正文所处的环境,读了这一部分才能更好地理解正文.     

我国女子撑竿跳高技术的运动学分析

采用高速摄影与影片解析的方法,对参加１９９６年全国田径锦标赛的６名优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员的技术进行测试,用握杆高度、人体质心速度变化和转动惯量等指标来揭示人—杆系统的运动学规律及其特征。结果表明,孙彩云的“低髋摆体”技术较先进。     

游泳运动员负荷后不同姿势放松游对血乳酸清除的影响

我们通过实验发现 :负荷后采用非主项姿势放松游血乳酸清除速率明显高于主项姿势放松游 (P <0 .0 5 -0 .0 1 ) ,说明负荷与放松之间姿势的转换 ,改变了原负荷肌群的负荷强度 ,并动员了非负荷肌参与活动 ,从而提高了放松活动效果。     

职业足球队进行有球大强度练习的应用研究

设计足球运动员大强度训练结合球进行的练习方法 ,通过在职业足球队做应用检验 ,证明本文设计的练习方法可以达到大强度训练的要求 ,并符合足球比赛和专项特点的要求。     

鲁迅小说中女性形象的悲剧审美价值

在鲁迅小说的整个审美世界中,女性形象占有一席特殊的显赫的位置。鲁迅以其独特的悲剧意识和忧患意识,揭示了旧中国妇女既是社会悲剧又是性格悲剧的全部内涵,鲁迅侧重挖掘她们性格的缺陷软弱和致使自己失败的内在因素,体现了鲁迅对历史的悲剧思考。