略论军校隐性德育课程的设计与开发简

隐性德育课程是军校开展德育工作不可忽视的一部分,按其存在形态可分为自然一物质环境和精神一文化环境两种类型。对军校隐性德育课程的设计与开发是建立在深厚的心理学理论基础之上的,同时也是为了适应当下学员主体意识增强、学员思想品德形成发展规律以及军校实施主体性德育的要求。由于隐性德育课程强调“隐”这一特征,使其开发和控制更具操作性。在隐性德育课程开发和设计的过程中应该谨遵无灌输原则、方向性原则、渗透性原则,充分挖掘学校各个方面内含的隐性德育资源。     

Policy into practice in Hong Kong pre-primary kindergartens: the impact of a reform agenda viewing early childhood as the foundation for lifelong learning

In this paper we outline the provision of pre-primary education in the Hong Kong SAR and discuss how the educational reform initiatives of 2000 (Learning to Learn) and global imperatives provided the impetus to reshape a new educational approach to early childhood education. We use the example of a half-day pre-primary (kindergarten) programme to illustrate the ways in which policy and guidelines are enacted and how they appear to reflect all the attributes of the reform movement that have adopted contemporary ideas from the international educational arena. We highlight the interpretations and enactments of these new educational imperatives in a system that has a long history of different cultural pedagogical traditions that often do not resonate with western pedagogical approaches.