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231.
The Importance of Teaching and Learning Nature of Science in the Early Childhood Years 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Valarie L. Akerson Gayle A. Buck Lisa A. Donnelly Vanashri Nargund-Joshi Ingrid S. Weiland 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(5):537-549
Though research has shown that students do not have adequate understandings of nature of science (NOS) by the time they exit
high school, there is also evidence that they have not received NOS instruction that would enable them to develop such understandings.
How early is “too early” to teach and learn NOS? Are students, particularly young students, not capable of learning NOS due
to developmental unreadiness? Or would young children be capable of learning about NOS through appropriate instruction? Young
children (Kindergarten through third grade) were interviewed and taught about NOS in a variety of contexts (informal, suburban,
and urban) using similar teaching strategies that have been found effective at teaching about NOS with older students. These
teaching strategies included explicit decontextualized and contextualized NOS instruction, through the use of children’s literature,
debriefings of science lessons, embedded written NOS assessments, and guided inquiries. In each context the researchers interviewed
students prior to and after instruction, videotaped science instruction and maintained researcher logs and field notes, collected
lesson plans, and copies of student work. The researchers found that in each setting young children did improve their understandings
of NOS. Across contexts there were similar understandings of NOS aspects prior to instruction, as well as after instruction.
There were also several differences evident across contexts, and across grade levels. However, it is clear that students as
young as kindergarten are developmentally capable of conceptualizing NOS when it is taught to them. The authors make recommendations
for teaching NOS to young children, and for future studies that explore learning progressions of NOS aspects as students proceed
through school. 相似文献
232.
Part II of “Reclaiming Kindergarten” continues the discussion related to responding to the crisis in today’s kindergarten.
In Part II, two policy questions are posed, the answers to which seek to respond to this continuing crisis. The questions
center on issues related to engaging families in kindergarten and the need to consider a new early childhood paradigm where
kindergarten is part of a continuous and seamless educational experience spanning prekindergarten through third grade. As
in Part I, examples of classroom practice are used to illustrate the effective implementation of these principles in a kindergarten
classroom. 相似文献
233.
The focus of this article is on articulating the importance of teacher development of constructs about homeless children and
families and examining factors that influence teachers’ perceptions of children and families who are homeless or at high-risk
of becoming homeless. The article also explores some strategies to support teachers in transforming their perceptions of homeless
children and provides case examples of how this process can work. Three case studies explore how teacher educators and practicing
teachers can work together to reflect on their own perceptions of homeless children from high-poverty backgrounds and how
educators were able to transform their own perceptions in being able to better serve their students. 相似文献
234.
Early childhood teacher educators frequently enhance their teaching by reading children’s books to their adult students. It
is not unusual for faculty outside of early childhood to question devoting precious class time to read-alouds which they may
consider a curious, if not frivolous, instructional strategy. Quality children’s literature can, however, enhance students’
experiences in the college classroom, contribute to their understanding of course content, promote their personal growth and
self-understanding, increase their appreciation for quality children’s literature, and enhance their ability to integrate
storybooks into their own teaching. Children’s books often capture a child’s point of view. They have the potential to provide
historical or cultural perspectives on children and families. They also can lead to the examination of universal truths and
can facilitate the discussion of sensitive or emotional issues A list of books with suggested uses is included. 相似文献
235.
What does No Child Left Behind (NCLB) have to do with higher education? Turns out plenty, according to Teniell L. Trolian and Kristin S. Fouts. They argue that NCLB has signifcant consequences for college learners. 相似文献
236.
Pavlo D. Antonenko Craig A. Ogilvie Dale S. Niederhauser John Jackman Piyamart Kumsaikaew Rahul R. Marathe Sarah M. Ryan 《Education and Information Technologies》2011,16(4):323-342
This paper describes the ways that students’ problem-solving behaviors evolve when solving multi-faceted, context-rich problems
within a web-based learning environment. During the semester, groups of two or three students worked on five physics problems
that required drawing on more than one concept and, hence, could not be readily solved with simple “plug-and-chug” strategies.
The problems were presented to students in a data-rich, online problem-based learning environment that tracked which information
items were selected by students as they attempted to solve the problem. The students also completed a variety of tasks, like
entering an initial qualitative analysis of the problem into an online form. Students were not constrained to complete these
tasks in any specific order. As they gained more experience in solving context-rich physics problems, student groups showed
some progression towards expert-like behavior as they completed qualitative analysis earlier and were more selective in their
perusal of informational resources. However, there was room for more improvement as approximately half of the groups still
completed the qualitative analysis task towards the end of the problem-solving process rather than at the beginning of the
task when it would have been most useful to their work. 相似文献
237.
Julie A. Holmes 《Learning Environments Research》2011,14(3):263-277
This study examined changes in student motivation and achievement in science during a visit to a university children’s science
museum. The study was based on the pretest–posttest control comparison group design with four treatment groups: control, exhibit,
lesson and exhibit/lesson. The sample consisted of 228 sixth-grade students from a Louisiana public school who were randomly
assigned to one of the four experimental groups. Pretest, posttest and delayed posttest measures of intrinsic motivation and
achievement in science were obtained using the Children’s Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and an achievement test
written to measure areas of science incorporated in the museum exhibits. The data were analysed using a one-way ANOVA, dependent
t tests and Pearson r. Significant differences were found within groups for (1) the lesson group in motivation and (2) the exhibit group in achievement
from pretest to posttest and from posttest to delayed posttest. A significant relationship between level of motivation and
science achievement was revealed for the exhibit group on the delayed posttest. There were no other significant findings to
support that the treatment led to any long-term effects on motivation or achievement within any of the four experimental groups. 相似文献
238.
This study assessed the perceptions of 146 gifted and 115 non-gifted high school biology students and investigated associations
between student perceptions and cognitive achievement. The What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) was used to assess perceptions
of actual and preferred learning environments. Data indicated that all students preferred a more favourable environment than
the one that they were currently experiencing, but gifted students perceived their actual environment more positively than non-gifted students. Statistically significant associations between the actual learning
environment and achievement on a standardised biology test were found for the majority of scales. Teacher Support, Investigation
and Equity were all statistically significant independent predictors of student achievement, while Student Cohesiveness had
a negative association with achievement. Interviews revealed that students interpreted some WIHIC items differently from how
the developers had intended. 相似文献
239.
Leslie Jordan Albert Camille S. Johnson 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2011,9(3):421-436
Many universities are pursuing increases in on‐line course offerings as a means of offsetting the rising costs of providing high‐quality educational opportunities and of better serving their student populations. However, enrollments in online courses are not always sufficient to cover their costs. One possible way of improving enrollments is through marketing campaigns targeted to specific demographic groups. In this study, we take a first look into how students’ perceptions of e‐learning systems, prior to their enrollment in an online course, vary across socioeconomic status and gender. Findings suggest that prior to taking an online course, working‐class students perceive e‐learning systems more positively than their middle‐class peers but that little difference exists between genders. Armed with this knowledge, universities may improve online course enrollments by marketing online courses specifically to working‐class students or through campaigns aimed at improving middle‐class students’ perceptions of e‐learning systems. 相似文献
240.