School Autonomy: A Comparison between China and the United States

Abstract

This study examined and compared school autonomy in China and the United States. Based on the international PISA 2012 school data, the authors examined three aspects of school autonomy. We found that in comparison with the United States, (1) principals from China were less likely to have responsibility over eleven school decisions (hiring teachers, firing teachers, salary increase, budget formulation, budget allocation, disciplinary policies, assessment policies, student admittance, textbook selection, course content, and courses offered) and were similar in having responsibility over teacher start salaries, and (2) teachers from China were less likely to have responsibility over six school decisions (hiring teachers, budget formulation, disciplinary policies, textbook selection, course content, and courses offered), were more likely to have responsibility over two decisions (firing teachers, student admittance), and were similar in having responsibility over four decisions (teacher start salaries, salary increase, budget allocation, and assessment policies). We also found that schools in China had (1) lower responsibility for curriculum/assessment and lower responsibility for resource allocation and (2) a lower level of teacher participation/autonomy. The findings have implications for educational policy in China and the United States.     

东乡族农村小学女童教育渗透职业教育的设想

甘肃省东乡县农村小学教育课程内容缺乏实用性、缺乏吸引力是当地东乡族农村小学女童辍学率高的一个重要原因，对于贫困少数民族地区农村小学的女童而言，基础教育不仅应当提供给她们最基础的文化知识，还应当提供给他们能够体现当地特色和可运用于当地生产生活实践的实用技能。在东乡族女童小学阶段渗透职业教育内容，对于降低东乡族女童的辍学率、改变女童未来的生存状况是一项有益的探索。     

对垃圾回收利用的经济分析

垃圾,每日每时在污染着陆地、大气、海洋以及太空,危害着人类的生存环境和健康。同时,人们也由此蒙受着空前的经济损失。然而,人类不会坐以待毙,人们已经和正在想尽一切办法处理、回收和利用垃圾,变废为宝。这样做,不仅从社会效益角度上看是必要的,而且从经济效益角度上看也是值得的。     

校本课程开发与教师信息化专业发展

教师通过参与校本课程的开发工作,可以提升课程参与意识,培养教师的信息素养,从而实现教师的信息化专业发展。     

瓯江鲫鱼头部形态特征的两性异形

测定了鲫鱼成体的体长、头长、头宽、头高、吻长、眼后头长、眼径和眼间距.Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA显示雌性个体的体长显著大于雄性个体.头部形态特征变量分别与体长的回归关系显著,回归剩余值的单因素ANOVA显示,特定体长的雌性个体的头长、头宽和眼间距显著大于雄性个体,雌性个体的眼径显著小于雄性个体,其他的头部形态特征变量包括头高、吻长和眼后头长无显著的两性差异.对头部7个形态特征变量作主成分分析(Eigenvalue≥1)发现,前3个主成分共解释67.1 %的变异.头长和吻长在第一主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释26.7%变异),头宽和眼间距在第二主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释23.1 %变异),眼径在第三主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释17.3 %变异).两性成体第一主成分的分值差异不显著;第二主成分的分值雌性显著大于雄性;第三主成分的分值雌性显著小于雄性.     

情绪的双重记忆模型与情绪的认知调节

本文通过综合不同情绪的多层模型所构建的理论框架,阐述了情绪的双重记忆模型,展示了情绪和情绪调节在其复杂的交互系统中的运作,表明了情绪和情绪调节对认知各重要领域均具有恢复作用。针对在情绪调节中运行的认知过程不同,系统地考察了连续注意、记忆过程、意识和情绪体验觉察等问题,结合临床应用得出结论,并对未来的研究方向予以了展望。     

美国研究型大学教授发展的诸力分析

美国研究型大学所取得的成就和在全世界产生的影响是是与它拥有一支高水平的教授队伍密不可分的。研究型大学在办学实践中，以竞争、压力、引力为核心形成了一套卓有成效的作用力，对于教授的发展产生了极大的促进作用。在此基础上，通过科学研究中的合作，有力地推动了整个教授群体的发展。     

Study on Moving Principle of Colonoscopic Robot

The moving principle of a colonoscopic robot is presented in this paper.The robot mainly consists of soft mobile mechanism for earthworm locomotion and turning mechanism based on shape memory effect.The soft mobile mechanism contacts colon wall with air-in inflatable balloons.so the robot has better soft and non-invasive properties.The turning mechanism can be actively bent by shape memory alloy components.It ensures the robot to adapt to the tortuous shape of colon.Therefore,the colonoscopic robot has good safety,lower working strength of surgeon and higher efficiency of colonooscopy.     

浅议新闻媒体中音译词的规范问题

近年来,由于外来词大量涌入,新闻媒体中出现了一些音译词使用不规范现象。为此,应提出音译词的如下使用原则:1.有合适的意译词,就应避免选择音译词;2.选定恰当的词形,避免一词多译;3.音译要讲求文雅,避免低俗化。     

少数民族地区职教课程设置问题研究

我国少数民族地区职教课程设置的研究,应建立于充分认识现代课程改革的意义及职教课程的特点之上.前者要求重新认识课程观、课程结构、教学内容、教学手段,后者强调自身的导向性、适应性、基础性、实践性与适应性.基于少数民族地区职业教育发展的特点与要求,其课程设置必须兼顾好民族性与多元文化性、乡土性与多样性、适应性与发展性.