A componential approach to understanding reading and its difficulties in preadolescent readers

The present study is predicated on the logic of interrelated functional information processing components as an approach to understanding reading and its difficulties in preadolescent readers. The structural equation modelling (and its variants) involved these three latent components: (a) orthographic/phonological component, (b) morphological component, and (c) sentence and paragraph comprehension component. These components were subserved by a total of ten measurable tasks, all administered on-line via the microcomputer under laboratory conditions with reaction time measures as indices of mental representation of word knowledge and sentence/paragraph comprehension. The latent dependent component of reading performance was subserved by standardized vocabulary and reading comprehension tests. The total sample consisted of 298 children in grades, 4, 5, and 6. Maximum likelihood analyses using LISREL show that the data in general do not disconfirm the proposed model for grade 4 readers. The three-component model, with some variables set free, provides a reasonable fit for the grade 5 data but less claim could be made about the goodness of fit for grade 6. The results show the mutually reinforcing and mutually facilitating effects of multilevels and multicomponents of reading. Word structure and word knowledge are particularly predictive of reading. The present Phase 1 work would be validated in a follow-up of another cohort of readers and would also lead to the systematic training of some of the components with poor readers. This study was supported by a grant (No. 410-86-0048) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.     

国夕卜商业银行参与基金管理业务的模式及对我国的启示

分析了国外商业银行基金管理业务的模式，指出了在当前抑制商业银行信贷增长的前提下，国外商业银行基金管理业务的模式对我国商业银行基金管理的重大意义。     

Component skills of text comprehension in less competent Chinese comprehenders

The present study examined the role of verbal working memory (memory span and tongue-twister), two-character Chinese pseudoword reading (two tasks), rapid automatized naming (RAN) (letters and numbers), and phonological segmentation (deletion of rimes and onsets) in inferential text comprehension in Chinese in 31 less competent comprehenders compared with 37 reading comprehension control students and 23 chronological age controls. It was hypothesized that the target students would perform poorly on these cognitive and linguistic tasks as compared with their controls. Furthermore, verbal working memory and pseudoword reading would explain a considerable amount of individual variation in Chinese text comprehension. RAN would have a nonsignificant role in text comprehension. Structural equation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses generally upheld these hypotheses. Our findings support current literature of the role of verbal working memory in reading comprehension found in English. The results, however, suggest differential role of the constructs and the tasks in reading comprehension and provide some answers for comprehension impairment in Chinese students.     

远程教育中影响学生学习效果的因素分析

任何一种教学活动都包含教与学两个方面,远程教育的教学方式是基于学生自主学习为主,辅以一定的教师助学,其与传统教育本质区别就在于教的行为与学的行为在时空上的相对分离。在缺乏教师连续监督的情形下,学生的学习会受到多方面的影响。     

图书馆在本科教学评估中的地位及对评估指标的理解

文章根据10年来的教学评估情况,阐明了本科教学评估的内涵、特征和意义,分析了图书馆在本科教学评估中的地位及图书馆评估指标的内涵,进一步探讨了评估工作对图书馆产生的影响.参考文献7.     

浅析基于4C's理论的网络营销组合

文章分析了传统营销组合在网络环境下的不足,提出了在以消费者为中心的现代营销理念指导下的网络营销组合,并指出了相对于传统营销组合网络营销组合的特点及其优势。     

科技管理过程中的评价体系探讨

通过科技评价体系建立的背景分析,提出应根据科技活动的特点,建立科学、合理科技评价指标,应进一步规范专家咨询制,以实现科技评价的“公平、公正和公开”,并通过多种科技评价形式相结合,以提高科技评价工作的客观性。     

数字化印刷与印刷数字化

与数字化出版及出版数字化相似,印刷也存在数字化印刷与印刷数字化两个不同的概念.     

反腐成本论

本文认为我国腐败滋生的一个主要原因就是由于腐败的制约成本、经济成本和心理成本太低造成的。通过加大监督机制的制约成本、提高破案率,加大处罚成本、从重处罚,增加经济成本和强化思想道德建设,美化养廉的“生态环境”,提高心理成本等措施来提升腐败成本,从而有效地制约腐败行为。