危机公关的维度研究

任何危机公关的应对机制不可能是二维的，它是四维的可控制模式。面对不同的事实危机，应该从各个维度进行可利用的应对机制的分析，然后辅之以有效策略的实施，危机的负面影响是能降低到最小的，甚至是可以化危机为契机的。     

Batch and fed-batch production of butyric acid by clostridium butyricum ZJUCB

The production of butyric acid by Clostridium butyricum ZJUCB at various pH values was investigated. In order to study the effect of pH on cell growth, butyric acid biosynthesis and reducing sugar consumption, different cultivation pH values ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 were evaluated in 5-L bioreactor. In controlled pH batch fermentation, the optimum pH for cell growth and butyric acid production was 6.5 with a cell yield of 3.65 g/L and butyric acid yield of 12.25 g/L. Based on these results, this study then compared batch and fed-batch fermentation of butyric acid production at pH 6.5. Maximum value （16.74 g/L） of butyric acid concentration was obtained in fed-batch fermentation compared to 12.25 g/L in batch fermentation. It was concluded that cultivation under fed-batch fermentation mode could enhance butyric acid production significantly （P〈0.01） by C. butyricum ZJUCB.     

The role of orthography in oral vocabulary learning in Chinese children

Previous research has shown that the presence of English word spellings facilitates children’s oral vocabulary learning. Whether a similar orthographic facilitation effect may exist in Chinese is interesting but not intuitively obvious due to the character writing system representing morphosyllabic but not phoneme-size information, and the more direct semantic-orthography mapping but less consistent orthography and pronunciation correspondence in Chinese. The current study aims to examine whether semantic and phonological information provided by character radicals affects oral vocabulary learning of Chinese children. Twenty-four second graders studied made-up associations between 12 spoken labels and pictures accompanied either by accurate phonological information characters, misleading phonological information characters, or no orthography. Half of phonologically accurate or misleading characters were semantically accurate or misleading. Pictures prompted recall of spoken labels without orthography present on tests. Results showed that exposure to characters which accurately represent sounds and meanings during learning did not enhance recall of the spoken labels compared to no orthography in early trials. But exposure to characters, which misrepresent sounds and meanings, significantly impeded vocabulary learning compared to no orthography.     

Effect of temperature on batch elastase production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus</Emphasis> sp. EL31410

The production of elastase by Bacillus sp. EL31410 at various temperatures was investigated. In order to study the effect of temperature on elastase fermentation, different cultivation temperatures, ranging from 39 °C to 28 °C, were evaluated in shake flask. The result indicated that 37 °C was best for cell growth at earlier stage; while maximum elastase activity was obtained when the cells were cultivated at 30 °C. This result was verified by batch fermentation in 5-L bioreactor under 37 °C and 30 °C temperature, respectively. The specific cell growth rate at 37 °C was higher than that at 30 °C during earlier stage of cultivation. The maximum value [5.5 U/(h·g DCW)] of elastase formation rate occurred at 24 h at 30 °C compared to 4.6 U/(h·g DCW) at 30 h at 37 °C. Based on these results, two-stage temperature shift strategy and oscillatory temperature cultivation mode were evaluated in the next study. When compared to single temperature of 37 °C or 30 °C, both two-stage temperature shift strategy and oscillatory temperature strategy improved biomass but did not yield the same result as expected for elastase production. The maximum biomass (both 8.6 g/L) was achieved at 30 h at 37 °C, but at 42 h using two-stage temperature cultivation strategy. The highest elastase production (652 U/ml) was observed at 30 °C in batch process. It was concluded that cultivation at constant temperature of 30 °C was appropriate for elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410. Project (No. 20276064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

构建“自主、互动、创新”的学校管理模式

新世纪基础教育呼唤着改革与发展.为了民族振兴,国家富强大业,需要我们努力探索适应新世纪基础教育改革与发展的小学现代化管理机制.     

低成本的气球实验

在现代生活中有各种材料和造型的气球,如果我们注意加以利用或改造,可以较低的实验成本,帮助学生理解不少物理中的"大道理".     

严羽"兴趣说"之我见

南宋严羽的《沧浪诗话》在中国文论史上具有重要的地位。他针对当时的宋诗现状提出了一系列的诗论,其中包括“兴趣”的批评鉴赏论。“兴趣说”揭示了文学鉴赏由作品到读者的重要过程。     

论新中国剧社的职业化创作——兼谈话剧的职业化

职业化是话剧走向现代化的中介,是建立话剧现代演剧体系的现实策略。新中国剧社是20世纪40年代职 业化运作较为良好的职业剧团,其职业化创作极具特色。本文拟以新中国剧社为个案研究,探讨话剧的职业化问题。     

情感教学理论在职校语文课堂的运用

笔者尝试从情感教学理论运用的依据和教学过程的具体实施两个方面做些分析,与各位同仁共同探讨。     

有效课堂教学的组织及实施研究

新课程的核心是"为了每一位学生的发展",学生发展不是某一方面的发展,而是全面、和谐的发展。转变课堂教学观念,提高教学效率,提升教学策略。