论国际政治中的国家利益

国家利益概念的形成经过了长期的发展过程。国家利益的属性主要是指它的具体性和抽象性、特殊性和普遍性、阶级性和民族性。国家利益在国际政治中起着关键性的作用。     

The liquid state

The liquid state is more complicated than either the gaseous or the solid crystalline state. However, using X-ray and neutron diffraction on the one hand and computer simulation on the other, detailed information has been obtained on the structure and dynamics of the liquid state.     

数学在文学,艺术及音乐中的集锦

数学在文学、艺术及音乐中的应用．     

Cell-like-carbon-micro-spheres for robust potassium anode

Large-scale low-cost synthesis methods for potassium ion battery (PIB) anodes with long cycle life and high capacity have remained challenging. Here, inspired by the structure of a biological cell, biomimetic carbon cells (BCCs) were synthesized and used as PIB anodes. The protruding carbon nanotubes across the BCC wall mimicked the ion-transporting channels present in the cell membrane, and enhanced the rate performance of PIBs. In addition, the robust carbon shell of the BCC could protect its overall structure, and the open space inside the BCC could accommodate the volume changes caused by K⁺ insertion, which greatly improved the stability of PIBs. For the first time, a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer is formed on the surface of amorphous carbon. Collectively, the unique structural characteristics of the BCCs resulted in PIBs that showed a high reversible capacity (302 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹ and 248 mAh g⁻¹ at 500 mA g⁻¹), excellent cycle stability (reversible capacity of 226 mAh g⁻¹ after 2100 cycles and a continuous running time of more than 15 months at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹), and an excellent rate performance (160 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹). This study represents a new strategy for boosting battery performance, and could pave the way for the next generation of battery-powered applications.     

地方台电视讲坛类节目的生存策略

地方电视台的电视讲坛节目要想立足竞争日益激烈的电视节目市场,必须摆脱<百家讲坛>的影响,根据当地的经济文化特点和爱众需求实现创新与突破,找准定位、办出特色,才能获得自己的生存空间.     

Thyroid disorders in women of Puducherry

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (FT₄) and Free Triiodothyronine (FT₃) were assayed in 505 women of this region. 60 women had previous history of thyroid disease. The remaining 445 women formed the “Disease free group”. A “Reference group” was obtained by excluding women with previous and present history of thyroid dysfunction. Of the total 505 women examined 15.8% had thyroid dysfunction and 84.2% were euthyroid. 11.5% were hypothyroid (9.5% sub-clinical) and 1.8% hyperthyroid (1.2% clinical). The geometric mean TSH for the total population was 2.65 μIU/ml. It was significantly (p=0.025) lower in the reference population 2.17 μIU/ml. There was no significant difference in the FT₃ and FT₄ values between groups. 19% of women over 60 years had elevated TSH above 4.5 μIU/ml. The 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of the reference population was 1.1–5.2 μIU/ml. 6.1% of women in the reference group had TSH levels above the reference intervals. Hypothyroidism particularly sub-clinical hypothyroidism is predominantly present amongst women in this iodine sufficient region. Evaluation of thyroid status could help in early detection and treatment.     

Inborn errors of metabolism: Review and data from a tertiary care center

Inherited metabolic disorders are a heterogeneous group of genetic conditions mostly occurring in childhood. They are individually rare but collectively numerous, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. We have retrospectively reviewed a total of eight hundred and sixty nine cases with different age groups that had been referred from several diagnostic centers and hospitals of India to the Department of Metabolism in Narayana Hrudayalaya, as cases suspected with inborn errors of metabolism. Advanced techniques applied were to diagnose the disorders of inborn errors of metabolism. Data analyzed indicates occurrence of several metabolic disorders in our population. The need to screen for an inborn error of metabolism arises out of the fact that most cases take to irreversible effects as time progress. Emphasis has to be laid on early detection and prompt management, which could help in alleviating symptoms and preventing complications and consequent incapacitation.     

Radioprotective effects of ocimum flavonoids on leukocyte oxidants and antioxidants in oral cancer

Oxidants (NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase) and antioxidants (GSH,GSH peroxidase, SOD and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, that provides NADPH for antioxidants) were assayed in the neutrophils from oral cancer patients, in three stages viz, baseline samples,15 days after radiation and 30 days following radiation. These samples were obtained from 2 groups of patients. Group A that received radiation alone and Group B that received radiation and ocimum flavonoids,a radioprotector. The results showed a significant fall in the SOD levels in the second follow up of group B.Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase showed significant increase only in the first follow up of patients who received Ocimum flavonoids. Except for these findings all other parameters remained statistically nonsignificant.     

Diagnostic strategies for subclinical hypothyroidism

The aim of this study is to delineate laboratory diagnostic strategies for subclinical hypothyroidism in patients who are clinically symptomatic but may have a normal thyroid profile. Tri — iodothyronine (T₃), thyroxine (T₄), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were estimated on fasting blood samples from 99 patients using electrochemiluminescence methods on ELECSYS 1010 (Roche). 74% of study subjects had elevated anti-TPO levels.61% patients had subclinical hypothyroidism. 45 of the 61 subclinical hypothyroid patients had elevated anti-TPO levels (73%). This is an important finding suggesting an autoimmune etiology for subclinical thyroid dysfunction with a higher risk of developing overt hypothyroidism.