从“双轨制”向“单轨制”转变:高等教育的应然选择

当前,我国高等教育体制仍是普通高等教育、成人高等教育并存的双轨制。随着高等教育的发展,双轨制的高等教育已经出现办学主体受到干扰、教学责任模糊、无序竞争、过度追求经济利益等弊端。目前我国已经具备调整双轨制高等教育的条件。从双轨制向单轨制转变,不仅关系到高等学校办学定位的科学性,也关系到高等学校的价值体现与可持续发展,因而调整历史上形成的双轨制高等教育势在必行。     

多途并进,着力培养大学生的创新素质——宁波诺丁汉大学的理性选择

培养大学生的创新素质,应该落实到学校工作的各个方面,贯穿于校风建设、课程教学、导师指导、课外活动、考试评估等项活动的每个环节。重在培植追求真理的科学精神,夯实学术累积的知识根基,点燃刨根究底的潜在资质,促进非智力因素的不断增长。在学生完成相应学业时,检验他们成长进步的形成状况,使之成为德才兼备、兴趣广泛、身心两健、和谐发展的人。     

欧洲大学校长选拔制度与治理结构

欧洲西班牙、瑞士、意大利和英国的大学校长选拔制度特色明显。几乎所有大学的校长都由全校师生通过直接或者间接的方式选举产生,政府只是履行批准任命手续。选举坚持尊重教师意志、公开透明、充分竞争等原则,具有较为严格的制度基础和程序规范。大学校长在任期内的职权和责任比较明确。大学议会、董事会、学术委员会等内部管理体制和机制保障大学校长既能够充分行使职权,又能够承担相应的责任。     

A Review of: “How to Talk About Hot Topics on Campus: From Polarization to Moral Conversation By Robert J. Nash,DeMethra LaSha Bradley,and Arthur W. Chickering”

As community colleges face increasingly tight budgets and calls for a renewed focus on improving student outcomes in the form of graduation rates, colleges must address the concept of access. How much access to higher education can they continue to provide low-skilled students in adult education and similar programs? One way to ensure access to these students is through formalized transition to college programs. The authors summarize characteristics of two transition program models and introduce research at a community college that evaluated the effectiveness of three characteristics in the models.     

The adaptation of complaints to participation frameworks

Among the strategic uses of various communication media is the practice of addressing and sending messages to multiple participants. The present study was a test of the hypothesis that the participation framework within which a message is sent and the sender's level of message design logic interact to affect message content. Participants sent complaints via email either to a target or to a target and a third‐party peer. Complaints were segmented into thought‐units, with each thought‐unit subsequently categorized according to its junction. The results showed that the two factors interacted to affect complaining, such that persons with conventional and rhetorical design logics often adapted messages to the target‐peer condition, whereas persons with expressive design logics generally did not. Discussion focuses on the implications for research on participation, complaining, and message design logics, as well as for the study of mediated communication.     

近30年来政策话语对教育公平的关注——基于《教育部工作要点》的实证研究

以教育部年度《工作要点》为研究素材,运用文献计量方法对政策文本进行解读,考察近30年来我国教育公平问题的政策关注点及走向发现,《工作要点》对教育的城乡差异、区域差异、阶层差异和教育补偿均有涉及,关注点分布均匀,新世纪后对教育公平问题的关注面有所扩展。从整体走势看,政策话语对公平问题的关注呈低起点、快提升的特点。《工作要点》的用词和行文中对农村地区、农村教育和农村地区教育对象表现出明显的话语关注,正是中央的文件精神在教育政策中的具体体现,表明我国教育政策对教育区域公平的关注日益具体和深入。教育公平将成为政策话语的重要组成部分。     

“三主体”教育:内涵、性质与价值

"三主体"教育是指教师、学生和家长作为教育主体相互配合,相互协作,彰显各自的主体性,促进学生全面发展的教育。"三主体"教育强调教师、学生和家长三元主体在教育过程中主体性的培养和彰显,注重教师、学生和家长在教育时空中的合作,追求教师、学生和家长的主体性实现"共生共长"。从性质上说,"三主体"教育是和谐的教育、共生的教育、合作的教育。从价值来说,"三主体"教育让学生的主体性得以建构,让教师的主体性获得丰盈,让家长的主体性形成自觉。     

大学生创新精神与创新能力的培养路径

大学生的创新主要是对前人成果的再认识再创造,它涉及到创新精神与创新能力两个方面。就大学生的创新精神与创新能力的培养路径而言,改革课堂教学模式是培养创新人才的主渠道,引导学生开展课外活动,鼓励学生参加社会实践活动是培养创新人才的必要路径,优化教学管理制度是培养创新人才的制度保障。     

Educational policy and the courts: The case of Washington,D. C.

Since 1954, the courts have assumed a great deal of leadership in setting educational policy. In each instance, citizen dissatisfaction with the educational process has led to court suits, often resulting in massive or disruptive changes. However, the blame cannot and should not be leveled on the courts. The problems and solutions have clearly rested with boards of education, local and state legislative bodies, and executives. Their failure to respond affirmatively to various issues is clearly the problem.The District of Columbia presents a marvelous example of governmental inaction and what can result. This paper provides a brief judicial history of education in the District and what the implications have been. The reader must keep in mind that although the District is a city, its government, especially the Board of Education, functions as though on a state level. Thus, court decrees concerning education in Washington, D. C. may give other states the incentive to improve the education of all students, regardless of ethnic or economic background.[/p]Julius Hobson, Jr. is a Member of the District of Columbia Board of Education Washington, D. C.     

Information literacy skills in the workplace: Examining early career advertising professionals

This study used content analysis to examine job postings from advertising agencies to find how often information literacy (IL) skills were seen in the job posts and how these skills manifest themselves. Five out of the six IL skills were seen in at least 41% of the job postings, however the skill of synthesizing information was rarely mentioned. It was also found evaluating data and using data software is performed by advertisers. This study concludes with asking librarians to introduce marketing students to more data and calls on librarians to consider the context in which IL skills are used.