Creating Peace by Confronting Prejudice: Examining the Effects of a Multicultural Communication Skills Group Intervention

This study investigated the effects of a Multicultural Relationship Enhancement Workshop on American education majors' ability to confront prejudice in order to create more peaceful communities in school settings. Due to the diverse group membership, participants were provided an opportunity to practice communication skills in a multicultural context that emphasized a social justice perspective. A repeated measures design with random assignment of participants to experimental (n = 26) and wait-list control (n = 22) groups was employed. Participants were studied at three different points in time, in five-week intervals, with the experimental group participating in the workshop during the first five-week interval and the control group receiving the treatment during the second five-week interval. The repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant time by treatment interaction effects between Times 1 and 2 on a measure of communication skills in multicultural situations. The intervention is discussed in the context of policies that promote cultures of peace.     

论西部地区的"高考移民"问题——兼论科举时代的"冒籍"现象

"高考移民"问题存在的主要原因是目前高考录取制度中存在的高考分数差和不同的录取率。在考试公平与区域公平之间长期存在着两难选择。高考实行分省区定额录取的模式,从自由竞争的角度来看与考试的公平原则有某些矛盾之处,但从调动边远省区学生的学习积极性、促进当地人文教育水平的提升的角度来看,则有其合理之处。"高考移民"问题的彻底解决需要一个过程。     

课堂交往冲突研究

课堂交往冲突是指当课堂教学活动参与者用相互矛盾的行动路径去达成相同或不同活动目标时所感知到的不一致或相互干扰,它包括三种类型:程序性课堂交往冲突、实质性课堂交往冲突和人际关系课堂交往冲突。课堂交往冲突的作用具有积极和消极二重性。良性人际关系建构、信任重建、沟通重构、协商合作、加深理解以及课堂文化共同体建构等是科学管理课堂交往冲突的基本方法。     

Confirmatory factor analyses comparing parental involvement frameworks with secondary students

Given the lack of research on measurement models used to operationalize parental involvement with secondary students, the goal of this research is to examine the measurement properties of the three‐domain conceptualization of parental involvement including school‐based involvement, home‐based involvement, and academic socialization, compared to a more nuanced six domain conceptualization school‐based (1) school/parent communication, (2) attending school activities, home‐based (3) home activities, (4) homework help, academic socialization, (5) parent–child communication about education, and (6) parental aspirations for child's education. When comparing the fit among the models, the six‐factor model had best fit indices and indicated varied correlations among the subdomains. The six‐factor model allowed for more nuanced variations among the subdomains that may be helpful when assessing parental involvement with high school students.     

再论高等教育的产业属性——兼论高等教育大众化的发展途径

当代,高等教育的产业属性不仅被越来越多的国家所认识,而且有成为发展高等教育的一个重要行动思想的趋势。近年来,一些发达国家的高等学校逐渐接受了投资—回报或投入—产出观念,不断提高学费标准,积极开拓和扩大高等教育国际贸易市场。为进一步加快我国高等教育大众化步伐,需要在三个方面给予政策关注:提高高等教育的收费标准;进一步推进我国的民办高等教育事业;提升我国高等教育的国际化水平。     

Intervention fidelity in participatory research: a framework

ABSTRACT

In community interventions more generally, the concept of fidelity refers to the degree to which a program is delivered as intended. The present paper discusses ways in which fundamental aspects of participatory research challenge the concept of fidelity and differ from more traditional science-dominated approaches. We begin with a discussion of the fidelity concept and some of its strengths and limitations. We then discuss both social problems and proposed solutions as representing complex problems defying simple or permanent solutions. We suggest that three prominent aspects of participatory research highlight this complexity and pose challenges in assessing fidelity. First, in participatory research, the goal is not only scientific but also social action on a local issue as well. Second, the participatory process among varied partners is itself part of the intervention itself to be understood as affecting both processes and outcomes. Third, the goals of participatory research include community-level as well as individual-level changes. These issues are illustrated in a discussion of how culture is conceptualized and acknowledged in fidelity assessment. We conclude with some recommendations for approaching fidelty in participatory research in a way that appreciates its differences from more traditional paradigms underlying community interventions.     

信息技术课程设计:构成要因与价值取向

由于信息技术的快速发展在相当程度上促进了由工业文明向信息文明的社会转型,因而要求社会全体成员,特别是中小学生必须主动地、有意识地提升信息素养,这是中小学信息技术课程出现与发展的根本动因。中小学信息技术课程的设计,要以学生发展的需要、社会发展的需要和学科体系发展为基础。中小学信息技术课程的价值取向包括全人化取向、多样化取向和主体性取向。     

The influence of feedback of diagnosis and executive function skills on rates of false positive and false negative outcomes for ADHD

This study examined executive function (EF) skills and self-reported symptoms of ADHD. EF skills were measured to determine whether skills were different between groups that reported clinical levels of ADHD symptoms (clinical group) and nonclinical levels of ADHD symptoms (nonclinical group). EF skills in the nonclinical group were also investigated to determine whether differences existed for those who received false positive and negative feedback about an ADHD diagnosis. Results indicated statistically and clinically significant differences in EF skills between the clinical and nonclinical group. Participants in the nonclinical group who reported elevated scores on the ADHD screener after receiving false positive feedback had statistically significantly different EF function scores, but not clinically significant scores, compared to the participants in nonclinical group who received negative feedback.     

Ordinal position in the serial learning of rats

Rats were runway trained on each of two, three-trial series consisting of different varieties of reward (X, Y, and Z) and nonreward (N) serving as trial outcomes. The two series are represented as XNY and ZNN. Distinguishing the two series were different brightness and texture cues on the runway floor. Transfer tests, conducted after the rats had developed faster running for rewarded trials than for nonrewarded trials and slower running on Trial 2 of ZNN than on Trial 2 of XNY, provided evidence that trial position, rather than item memories, was controlling the discriminations. In Experiment 1, reversing the floor cues completely reversed the discriminations. In Experiment 2, transfer to NNN did not change the routine patterns of approach that had been established.     

面对挑战:学校道德教育的调整与革新

转型时期的学校道德教育面临挑战。需要调整与革新。坚守学校道德教育使命的三个命题为:学校教育必须培养完整的人;德育需要打好品德基础;学校教育要为实现人的道德潜能提供支持性环境和条件。学校道德教育应当关注、尊重和鼓励学习者作为主体的道德生活实践;重视培育和发展人的情感;重视双向沟通、对话、论理和代际交往。革新学校道德教育要抓住新一轮基础教育课程改革提供的机遇;激发教师成为有道德教育意识和能力的人;创造育人为本的学校制度和文化精神氛围。