小T信箱

网上读者fuchuang[fuchuang88@sohu.com]小T:你好!我每次阅读文章时,总是一个字一个字地读,脑海里好象有文字呈现一样,这严重影响我的阅读速度。如果我不这样读的话,文章的信息就什么也没有抓住。我试过快速阅读,扫读,但效果不大。不仅读英文这样,中文也这样。我应该怎样训练才能克服这种不良阅读习惯呢?答:这是一种比较难改掉的阅读习惯,但是对于阅读速度的提高确实有很大的危害。小T觉得这个问题形成的原因一方面是自己的阅读自信心不强,总怕自己没有读懂理解透彻,要多读仔细读;另一方面是习惯默读方式,就像你说的,中文也是这么阅读的。…     

Treatment outcome for a maltreated population: benefits, procedural decisions, and challenges

OBJECTIVE: To review the benefits, challenges, and procedural decisions to consider when implementing and managing a treatment outcome program for a maltreated population. METHOD: We reviewed the reasons to implement a treatment outcome program, decisions regarding procedures, and challenges likely to be encountered based on literature in the field and the authors' 6 years of experience in developing and maintaining an outcome program at a center specializing in the treatment of maltreated children. RESULTS: The development of an outcome programs requires careful measurement selection, early and ongoing staff-involvement, support from higher management, a well-developed data base and client tracking system, a coordinator and support staff, clinical utility, planning for fiscal impact, and flexibility to contend with challenges. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experience, the plethora of clinically rich and administratively useful information derived from an outcome program far outweighs the challenges and costs of establishing and maintaining an outcome program.     

Relationships among professionals' knowledge, experience, and expectations regarding cochlear implants

THE PRESENT STUDY examined the relationships between teachers' and communication clinicians' self-reported knowledge on cochlear implants and their expectations of CIs. The authors also explored these professionals' views regarding the child's communication mode, educational setting, and social options following cochlear implantation. The participants were 47 teachers of deaf students and 35 communication clinicians. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in self-reported knowledge on CI. Both groups knew very little about mapping, costs, or insurance, and reported good knowledge about candidacy. Expectations from CIs were moderate to high, and were significantly related to respondents' knowledge and specific experience with CIs. Most professionals in both groups supported spoken-language communication, individual inclusion, and social exposure to children with normal hearing as well as to children with hearing impairments.     

General population norms about child abuse and neglect and associations with childhood experiences

BACKGROUND: A variety of definitions of child abuse and neglect exist. However, little is known about norms in the general population as to what constitutes child abuse and neglect or how perceived norms may be related to personal experiences. METHODS: We conducted a random-digit-dialed telephone survey of 504 Washington State adults. Respondents were asked whether they believed each of 34 behaviors, identified in focus groups as possibly physically, sexually or emotionally abusive or neglectful, constituted abuse or neglect. Then, they were asked whether they had experienced 33 of the behaviors. RESULTS: Five of the six behaviors with the highest levels of consensus were for sexual abuse, whereas only one emotionally abusive behavior had a high level of consensus (95% agreement). Consensus that spanking constituted abuse increased with severity. Those respondents who reported experiencing a particular behavior were significantly less likely to believe the behavior abusive for 11 of the 33 behaviors and more likely to believe the behavior abusive for two of the behaviors. Where comparisons were possible, there was a high level of consensus that behaviors identified as abusive in Child Protective Service operational definitions constituted abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported childhood experiences were associated with perceived norms about child abuse. A better understanding of community norms about child abuse and neglect may be helpful in communicating with the public or allow for better targeting of educational messages through the media, parenting education classes, and so forth.     

幼儿吮指的心理矫治

吮指包括咬指甲、吃手指、舔手指等,是周岁以前幼儿的一种常见行为,属正常生理现象。在婴儿初期,儿童就有本能的吮吸反射:当母亲的乳头、衣被角以及婴儿自己的手指等物体碰到嘴唇时,婴儿就会立即做出吃奶的动作。这种动作是人的一种食物性无条件反射,亦即生物的本能。此时的婴儿,因没有自我意识,难以把自身主体和其它     

美国《亚洲学者公报》(1976)“中国革命文学专号”绪言

过去的６０年间，世界上最伟大的文化之一──中国文化在一场实质触及社会各方面的深刻革命中得到了改造，目前，当中国为完全掌握其命运、实现其革命理想而继续奋斗时，世界的其余部分，以妒忌、残存的误解、怀疑和钦佩相交织的心情，出神地注视着她。 或许，中国革命最不为世界其余部分所理解和赞赏的就是中国新文学艺术的发展。即使在对当前中华人民共和国的文艺状况感兴趣的外界观察家中，对革命的文学艺术也有着截然不同的反应，从完全的敌视到谄媚的赞扬，什么都有，但最典型的反应就是迷惘地耸耸肩膀。甚至在专攻中国文学的西方学者…     

Beginning literacy: links among teacher knowledge, teacher practice, and student learning

Although the importance of phonological awareness has been discussed widely in the research literature, the concept is not well understood by many classroom teachers. In the study described here, we worked with groups of kindergarten and first-grade teachers (the experimental group) during a 2-week summer institute and throughout the school year. We shared with them research about learning disabilities and effective instruction, stressing the importance of explicit instruction in phonological and orthographic awareness. We followed the experimental group and a control group into their classrooms for a year, assessing teachers' classroom practices and their students' (n = 779) learning. The study yielded three major findings: We can deepen teachers' own knowledge of the role of phonological and orthographic information in literacy instruction; teachers can use that knowledge to change classroom practice; and changes in teacher knowledge and classroom practice can improve student learning.     

Depending on the kindness of strangers: current national data initiatives and developmental research

This article provides a brief review of current large-scale, longitudinal data collection initiatives focusing on children. These studies will be available for secondary data analyses in the twenty-first century. In addition to child outcome data, process-oriented information is being collected on child-parent interactions, quality of child care, elementary school teacher reports and classroom observations, accessibility and use of health, educational and social services, parental mental health, family violence, fathering, parental residence patterns, income and income sources, child support, employment patterns, and community characteristics. Several of these studies are randomized trials of the efficacy of early childhood intervention services and housing mobility programs. The usefulness of these efforts for exploring policy-relevant issues (child support enforcement, work requirements for welfare recipients, antipoverty strategies, housing subsidies and relocation, availability of child care, child-care subsidies) are discussed.     

高等职业技术教育大学语文教材建设的思考

这几年,我国高职教育虽然呈现出蓬勃发展的良好态势,但在高职教材建设上却一直存在着混乱无序的状态。其中,高职大学语文教材就处于这种困扰当中,当下的高职高专大学语文教材,有的过于简单,定位于传统的给学生“补课”,使大学语文成为高中三年语文教学的简单重复,被人戏称为“高四语文”;有的则拔得太高,是一种脱离了教学具体情况的课外阅读;有的则往往将本科教材拿来,临时顶用或略加修改,删繁就简,就成为了所谓的高职教材。由于现时高职大学语文教材和高职教育培养目标要求上的脱节,出现了学生厌学,教师厌教的情况。甚至有的学生、老师认为…     

电脑杀手(4)

詹妮和爸爸妈妈以及艾普丽尔都跑到院子里,但是大门上也有了电流。 凯乐带领詹妮和艾普丽尔来到地下室,拉下了中断电源的闸刀。 凯乐先生又接通了电源,詹妮插上了电脑插头。p一, \,-、/_ 0’%端麓嚣=掌蒂$≯一一毒;蠢囊穰毫鱼Il蕊囊i毫誊g蠹囊毫凳蕊 我向你发誓!向日葵。 道格马上拔掉插头。’～‰.0觚妻潮删獭佩只是个杪—’剽圳电脑游戏, 我们它也许是已经把它零了。彳陷在电脑渊.主莩。“”。 道格拿出带来的一块强大的电磁铁和变压器,连接在电源上。。 这样做可以删去记忆,但对电脑也会有损伤。 别担N心,孩子,l我们可以l修理或换. /一…