我的案子归哪个法院管——法院管辖之级别管辖

<正>前往法院起诉的时候,当事人经常会遇到这样那样的疑惑：“我就住在北京市西城区,为什么我的案子必须要到东城区法院去立案？”“我家附近就有一个中级人民法院,为什么我的案子不能就近在那里审理？”“听说某某法院判案子判得好,我的案子能不能去那里审理？”其实,这些疑惑都涉及民事诉讼管辖权的问题。一个案子究竟在哪个法院审理,是由案件性质及案件影响力决定的。通常而言,普通民事案件由被告住所地法院管辖,前述住在北京市西城区的原告之所以要去东城区法院起诉立案,可能就是因为被告住所地在东城区,所以案件由被告住所地法院行使管辖权。     

Characteristics of hospital-based Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy in Japan

OBJECTIVE: This article explores characteristics of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP) in Japan, a country which provides an egalitarian, low cost, and easy-access health care system. METHODS: We sent a questionnaire survey to 11 leading doctors in the child abuse field in Japan, each located in different hospital-based sites. Child abuse doctors answered questions regarding the characteristics of MSBP cases for whom they had helped care. RESULTS: Twenty-one MSBP cases (20 families) were reported. Characteristics of the victims included: no differences based on sex, 4.6 years of age on average when MSBP was confirmed, and an average of 1.9 years duration of MSBP abuse. Biological mothers were at least one of the perpetrators in 95% of cases. Among the 12 cases (57%) who remained with their families, 2 victims died. Only 5% of perpetrators had a medical background or relatives who engaged in healthcare work. CONCLUSION: There are similar features of MSBP cases between Japan and other English-speaking countries, such as the UK or the US. However, perpetrators of MSBP in Japan did not have a medical background. Easier access to hospital resources in Japan may give greater opportunities for perpetrators to obtain medical knowledge from doctors or nurses. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings suggest that perpetrators of MSBP should not be assumed to possess a medical background in a country which provides universal medical care such as Japan. A contributory factor of MSBP may be the high frequency of medical consultations and equal level of accessibility of medical resources for Japanese citizens. Social welfare services that need to decide on custody for MSBP victims should recognize the relatively high risk of life-threatening danger in their family of origin. Further collaboration between hospital staff including pediatricians, nurses, medical social workers and staff at the social welfare services is needed to protect children from MSBP.     

如临深渊

图书馆里找到的秘密星期六来了，可这一天对于比利来说，却是很沮丧的！爸爸和妈妈，甚至这个小镇上的每一个人都知道了他昨天傍晚大喊大叫的事情。早上吃饭的时候，爸爸就看似轻松地对比利问长问短，比利心里清楚，身为精神病专家的爸爸，一定认为他的行动有点像病人了。事实上，镇上很多人都是这样看他的。比利用无所谓的态度敷衍〔fūyǎn〕了爸爸，就走出了家！可是，即便到了街上，他也很不好受！许多人看他的眼神，让他开始怀疑自己，难道自己真的错了？“我可不想让别人以为我真的疯了！”比利自言自语道。突然，他想到了一个从未想…     

垃圾邮件里的母爱

你对爱尔兰人的祈祷词有兴趣吗?想知道怎样才算“真正的朋友”?愿意读一下某人为爱猫做的新诗吗?反正我没有兴趣。可是每天我都在遭受这种电子邮件的狂轰滥炸。邮件的来源?你绝对想不到——是我妈妈!没错她就是垃圾邮件的制造者!听起来这样的邮件并不太糟。可是它们一封又一封,源源不断,塞满我的邮箱,令我不胜其烦。她正在努力传播网上垃圾,我却不敢告诉她真相。母亲住在肯塔基的小乡村,今年夏天就满73周岁了。几年前当她宣布想买台电脑,学上网,学发电子邮件时,我大吃一惊,继而投以怀疑的目光。没想到很快她真的买来机器,又请人教她学会了上…     

激发学习积极性的钥匙

《有关教育问题的看法》这一“全美小学校长协会”公布的最新调查指出,97%接受调查的人都认为找到激发     

一盆鲜花

微型品赏 拍摄浇花,我们常见到的是以人物为主。这张照片,就像它的题目“一盆鲜花”所显示的那样,却把鲜花放到了主要的位置。     

Individual differences in sign language abilities in deaf children

The study attempted to identify characteristics of individual differences in sign language abilities among deaf children. Connections between sign language skills and rapid serial naming, hand motor skills, and early fluency were investigated. The sample consisted of 85 Finnish deaf children. Their first language was sign language. Simple correlations and multiple linear-regression analysis demonstrated the effect of early language development and serial hand movements on sign language abilities. Other significant factors were serial fingertapping and serial naming. Heterogeneity in poor sign language users was noted. Although identifying learning disorders in deaf children is complicated, developmental difficulties can be discovered by appropriate measurements. The study confirmed the results of earlier research demonstrating that the features of deaf and hearing children's learning resemble each other. Disorders in signed and spoken languages may have similar bases despite their different modalities.