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151.
Faculty orientations toward institutional goals: A broken front with implications for planned change
Edwin A. Rugg Timothy Lynn Warren Evelyn L. Carpenter 《Research in higher education》1981,15(2):161-173
The formulation of institutional goals in higher education often involves input from various campus constituencies including faculty. The faculty's viewpoint is typically treated as though it were a uniform perception. The research reported here tested the uniform nature of the faculty's goal orientations. Statistical comparisons were conducted on mean ratings of five discipline groups of 207 faculty from a major public university on the scales of the Institutional Goals Inventory. Although discipline groups shared common viewpoints on the importance of academic instruction, intellectual pursuits, and research, major differences among groups were found for goals involving university service, off-campus instruction, accountability, intercollegiate athletics, and humanistic values. Institutional planners desiring a change in one of these latter areas should expect different levels of faculty support and resistance from different discipline groups. 相似文献
152.
Brown MF Knight-Green MB Lorek EJ Packard C Shallcross WL Wifall T Price T Schumann E 《Learning & behavior》2008,36(4):327-340
In two experiments using a radial-arm maze, pairs of rats made choices among eight maze locations, each containing a large
quantity of one of two food types. The choices made by 1 rat affected the choices made by the other rat. Under most conditions,
visits by 1 rat increased the tendency of the other rat to subsequently choose that maze location. However, the effect depended
on the quality of the food available in a particular location. When it was possible for the rats to observe each other on
the maze arms and a rat had experienced that a location contained the less preferred food type, a previous visit to that location
by the foraging partner decreased the tendency to visit that location. These effects are attributed to working memory for
the spatial choices of another rat, and they indicate that memory produced by a rat’s own visit to a maze location is integrated
with memory for the behavior of another rat to determine spatial choice 相似文献
153.
Timothy B. Smith Li-Chen Chin Arpana G. Inman Jennifer Hudson Findling 《Journal of College Counseling》1999,2(2):188-190
International students often face challenges in adjusting to their new environment without the use of local supports such as counseling. This article suggests how universities can form an outreach support group that encourages the participation of international students by minimizing the stigma associated with using mental health services and by addressing relevant practical and emotional issues that international students face. 相似文献
154.
Attachment and Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
To explore the meaning and function of attachment organization during adolescence, its relation to multiple domains of psychosocial functioning was examined in a sample of 131 moderately at-risk adolescents. Attachment organization was assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview; multiple measures of functioning were obtained from parents, adolescents, and their peers. Security displayed in adolescents' organization of discourse about attachment experiences was related to competence with peers (as reported by peers), lower levels of internalizing behaviors (as reported by adolescents), and lower levels of deviant behavior (as reported by peers and by mothers). Preoccupation with attachment experiences, seen in angry or diffuse and unfocused discussion of attachment experiences, was linked to higher levels of both internalizing and deviant behaviors. These relations generally remained even when other attachment-related constructs that had been previously related to adolescent functioning were covaried in analyses. Results are interpreted as suggesting an important role for attachment organization in a wide array of aspects of adolescent psychosocial development. 相似文献
155.
Timothy Prewitt 《Higher Education in Europe》1998,23(2):187-194
The history of distance learning, traditionally a peripheral university activity, is briefly traced. The advent, first of the British Open University with its renovated philosophy of distance learning, and then of the new information and communication technologies and their application to distance education, has led to a revalorization of open and distance education. These technologies are rapidly blurring the distinction between traditional higher education and distance learning. Various techniques of distance learning are described, particularly the electronic classroom and the electronic library. These techniques, based as they are on text transmission, stand to improve the reading comprehension and writing skills of students even as they make radical changes in the positions, relative to one another, of students and teachers. At the same time, the ease of electronic writing may lead to a decrease in required intellectual rigour, chat rooms producing chatter rather than serious ideas. Also, the economies of scale available via the information and communication technologies may lead to serious cut‐backs in traditional higher education provision. 相似文献
156.
Walter P. Vispoel Thomas R. Rocklin Tianyou Wang Timothy Bleiler 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1999,36(2):141-157
Part of the controversy about allowing examinees to review and change answers to previous items on computerized adaptive tests (CATs) centers on a strategy for obtaining positively biased ability estimates attributed to Wainer (1993) in which examinees intentionally answer items incorrectly before review and to the best of their abilities upon review. Our results, based on both simulated and live testing data, showed that there were instances in which the Wainer strategy yielded inflated ability estimates as well as instances in which it yielded deflated ability estimates. The success of the strategy in inflating ability estimates depended on the ability estimation method used (maximum likelihood versus Bayesian), the examinee's true ability level, the standard error of the ability estimate, the examinee's ability to implement the strategy, and the type of decision made from the ability estimate. We discuss approaches to dealing with the Wainer strategy in operational CAT settings. 相似文献
157.
How can clusters sustain performance? The role of network strength, network openness, and environmental uncertainty 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper draws on social network theory to develop a model of regional cluster performance. We suggest that high performing regional clusters are underpinned by (1) network strength and (2) network openness, but that the effects of these on the performance of a cluster as a whole are moderated by environmental uncertainty. Specifically, the positive effects of network openness on cluster performance tend to increase as environmental uncertainty increases, while the positive effects of network strength on cluster performance tend to decrease as environmental uncertainty increases. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications for social network research in general, and cluster research in particular. 相似文献
158.
This study investigated the validity of the Roberts Apperception Test for Children (RATC) with an elementary school sample by examining the appropriateness of the standardization norms with other nonclinical samples. A sample of 86 children, ages 8–11 years, completed the RATC. Analyses revealed that the current sample of nonclinical children differed significantly from the standardization sample on six of the eight Adaptive Scales and three of the five Clinical Scales. Findings suggest that the children in this study form a separate and distinct group from the well‐adjusted children upon which the RATC scales were normed and supports previous research that suggests the standardization of the RATC is inadequate. The current findings strongly suggest that the norms for the RATC not be used for clinical diagnosis until restandardization is completed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
159.
160.
Brian A. Bottge Enrique Rueda Jung Min Kwon Timothy Grant Perry LaRoque 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2009,57(4):529-552
The purpose of this randomized experiment was to compare the performance of high-, average-, and low-achieving middle school
students who were assessed with parallel versions of a computer-based test (CBT) or a paper-pencil test (PPT). Tests delivered
in interactive, immersive environments like the CBT may have the advantage of providing teachers with diagnostic tools that
can lead to instruction tailored to the needs of students at different achievement levels. To test the feasibility of CBT,
students were randomly assigned to the CBT or PPT test conditions to measure what they had learned from an instructional method
called enhanced anchored math instruction. Both assessment methods showed that students benefited from instruction and differentiated
students by achievement status. The navigation maps generated from the CBT revealed that the low-achieving students were able
to navigate the test, spent about the same amount of time solving the subproblems as the more advanced students, and made
use of the learning scaffolds.
相似文献
Brian A. BottgeEmail: |