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241.
Interviews with Japanese public school educators allow a distinctive view of how the continuing economic decline in Japan has affected educational motivation and decision-making among students and parents. The nature of socioeconomic stratification within Japanese educational opportunity is seen as a continuing situation exacerbated by the costs of education in a context of chronic economic uncertainty. 相似文献
242.
Galef BG 《Learning & behavior》2004,32(1):53-61
I review literature on four different approaches to the study of traditions in animals: observation of free-living animals,
laboratory experiment, armchair analysis, and field experiment. Because, by definition, a tradition entails social learning
of some kind, it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to establish that a behavior is in fact traditional without knowledge of
how it develops. Observations of free-living animals often provide strong circumstantial evidence of a tradition. However,
even in the view of several researchers who have studied possibly traditional behaviors in natural populations, observation
alone has not proven sufficient to show that social learning contributes to development of behaviors of interest. The relevance
of laboratory experiments to the understanding of the development of behaviors in free-living animals is always open to challenge.
Armchair analyses of field data can produce interesting hypotheses but cannot test them. Field experiments to determine how
behaviors of interest develop in population members provide a promising way forward. 相似文献
243.
Halliday的“现代汉语语法范畴”揭开了阶和范畴语法理论研究的序幕 ,其主要目的是说明语言是什么 ,语言如何工作。该理论一提出 ,就受到当代数位语言大师的批评 ,该文简要回顾了Postal,Matthews等对级阶理论的批评 ;Butler等对类概念的批评 ;Huddle ston ,Palmer等对结构概念的批评和Postal对分类性质的批评。 相似文献
244.
The separation of variables method was successfully, used to resolve the spherically symmetric dynamic thermoelastic problem
for a spherically isotropic elastic hollow sphere. Use of the integral transform can be avoided by means of this method, which
is also appropriate for an arbitrary thickness hollow sphere subjected to arbitrary thermal and mechanical loads. Numerical
results are presented to show the dynamic stress responses in the uniformly heated hollow spheres.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10172075, 10002016) 相似文献
245.
Mengwen?Liu Yi?FangEmail author Alexander?G.?Choulos Dae?Hoon?Park Xiaohua?Hu 《Information Retrieval》2017,20(6):575-605
Product reviews have become an important resource for customers before they make purchase decisions. However, the abundance of reviews makes it difficult for customers to digest them and make informed choices. In our study, we aim to help customers who want to quickly capture the main idea of a lengthy product review before they read the details. In contrast with existing work on review analysis and document summarization, we aim to retrieve a set of real-world user questions to summarize a review. In this way, users would know what questions a given review can address and they may further read the review only if they have similar questions about the product. Specifically, we design a two-stage approach which consists of question selection and question diversification. For question selection phase, we first employ probabilistic retrieval models to locate candidate questions that are relevant to a given review. A Recurrent Neural Network Encoder–Decoder is utilized to measure the “answerability” of questions to a review. We then design a set function to re-rank the questions with the goal of rewarding diversity in the final question set. The set function satisfies submodularity and monotonicity, which results in an efficient greedy algorithm of submodular optimization. Evaluation on product reviews from two categories shows that the proposed approach is effective for discovering meaningful questions that are representative of individual reviews. 相似文献
246.
Abstract. This study focuses on the source of reading problems of English as a second language learners at the high school level. The results indicate that while reading comprehension is impacted by level of receptive vocabulary knowledge, the ability to select and implement word-appropriate lexical inferencing strategies can compensate for low receptive vocabularies in relation to the demands of the text. The ability to make this selection, however, implies not only sensitivity to word structure, but also the ability to implement morphological analysis in conjunction with contextual guessing, where appropriate. These findings suggest that the development of English as a second language reading proficiency may be accelerated by acquisition of the meanings of the most productive affixes of English in conjunction with instruction in the principles of morphological analysis. 相似文献
247.
The Tunisian Educational Reform: From Quantity to
Quality and the Need for Monitoring and Assessment
The Tunisian education system, like that of many other Southern nations of intermediate wealth, finds itself pulled in opposing
directions. While quantitative advances at
different levels of instruction have been easily achieved, a reorientation towards qualitative
matters is nowadays more than ever necessary. Reforms at the secondary level, and the perspectives that they open up in terms
of an improvement in the quality of educational
services for young people, will receive special attention in this article. Radical changes in the traditional status of school
inspectors are needed. Furthermore, a new national agency for monitoring and evaluating students' outcomes and schools' performance
is indispensable. 相似文献
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