关于理科教育的一种理论根据

关于理科教育的任何一种合理的理论根据必须包括教育目的、学科和一种学习的模型。 教育目的 关于学校应达到的目的,曾是许多论文的主题,但它们中间存在着争论和分歧。对这些争论本文将不涉及,但有一个是例外;这个例外就是美国教育政策委员会1961年报告书中扼要陈述的,即认为教育的中心目的是教学生思维。这一任务在该委员会的“美国教育的中心目的”论文中详细地阐述如下:     

教育学知识的哲学——分析、批判、建议[特约稿]

在世界上,存在着教育以及种种关于教育的命题体系(Satzsysteme)。教育是一种行为的形式,一种实践。就“理论”一词的广义而言,一种谈论或描述教育的命题体系就是一种教育理论。 所有的教育理论[“教育学(Padagogik)”,英文为“educology”]本身都可以成为描述、批判和规范探讨的对象。也就是说存在教育理论的认识论或者——简而言之——教育的元理论(Metatheorie der Erziehung)”[“元教育学(Meta-Padagogik)”;英文为:“meta-edu     

教育、社会公正与知识

1.教育与社会公正 本节中我将论证探讨教育公正的通常的方式,“分配公正(distributive Justice)”的不足,以及对课程公正(curricular justice)概念的需要。 在最近的历史上,争取教育公正的运动主要关注的是接受正规教育的机会。这在过去三十年所进行的扫盲以及开放高等教育两项巨大的争取教育公正的工程中,都得到清楚的表现。     

Yangxueqingnao particles inhibit rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by lysophosphatidic acid

Objective: To observe the effect of Yangxueqingnao particles on rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Methods: The amount of3H-TdR (3H-thymidine) admixed in cultured rat VSMC was measured and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA)content of the VSMC were assayed. Results: 1×10-9, 1×10-8, 1×10-7 mol/L LPA in a concentration dependent manner, induced the amount of 3H-TdR admixed, MAP kinase activity, and MDA content of the cultured rat VSMC to increase. However, 5%, 10%,and 15% Yangxueqingnao serum preincubation resulted in a decrease of 23.0%, 42.0%, and 52.0% (P＜0.01) respectively in the amount of 3H-TdR admixed, a decline in VSMC MAP kinase activity of 13.9% (P＜0.05), 29.6% (P＜0.01), and 48.9% (P＜0.01)respectively, and also, a decrease in MDA content of VSMC of 19.4%, 24.7%, and 43.2% (P＜0.01) respectively, in the 1×10-7mol/L LPA-treated VSMC. Conclusions: LPA activates the proliferation and lipid peroxidation of VSMC in a concentration dependent manner. The LPA-induced VSMC proliferation is related to the activity of MAP kinases, enzymes involved in an intracellular signalling pathway. The results of the present study showed that Yangxueqingnao particles can effectively inhibit LPA-induced VSMC proliferation, MAP kinase activation, and reduce lipid peroxidative lesion.     

Diversity of Gram negative bacteria antagonistic against major pathogens of rice from rice seed in the tropic environment

INTRODUCTIONRiceseedharborsadozenofplantpathogen icbacteria (Gotoetal.,1 988;Xieetal.,1 998) .Thebacterialpathogenscausearangeofricediseases,someverydestructivewhileothershavenoeffectonricecropgrowth .Inthisstudy ,wefoundalargenumberofbacteriaasso ciatedw…     

Parameters in television captioning for deaf and hard-of-hearing adults: effects of caption rate versus text reduction on comprehension

Caption rate and text reduction are factors that appear to affect the comprehension of captions by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. These 2 factors are confounded in everyday captioning; rate (in words per minute) is slowed by text reduction. In this study, caption rate and text reduction were manipulated independently in 2 experiments to assess any differential effects and possible benefits for comprehension by deaf and hard-of-hearing adults. Volunteers for the study included adults with a range of reading levels, self-reported hearing status, and different communication and language preferences. Results indicate that caption rate (at 130, 180, 230 words per minute) and text reduction (at 84%, 92%, and 100% original text) have different effects for different adult users, depending on hearing status, age, and reading level. In particular, reading level emerges as a dominant factor: more proficient readers show better comprehension than poor readers and are better able to benefit from caption rate and, to some extent, text reduction modifications.     

箭与歌

我向空中射出一枝箭,我不知它落在何方。因为它飞得如此神速,我的视力都追赶不上。我向高空唱出一支歌,我不知它落在何方。谁有如此犀利眼力,能追赶上歌声的飞扬?